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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (17): 73-80.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0419

所属专题： 小麦； 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区冬小麦气候适宜度评价——以通渭县为例

焦润安1(), 李旭华2, 齐月3, 雷俊3,4(), 苟志文5, 臧亚军1, 薛潇1   

  1. 1 甘肃省通渭县气象局，甘肃通渭 743300
    2 定西市农业科学研究院，甘肃定西 743000
    3 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室，兰州 730020
    4 定西市气象局，甘肃定西 743000
    5 兰州资源环境职业技术大学，兰州 730021
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-31 修回日期:2023-12-21 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-11
  • 通讯作者:
    雷俊，男，1985年出生，甘肃通渭人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事农业气象试验及业务工作。通信地址：743000 甘肃省定西市安定区气象新村50号 定西市气象局，Tel：0932-8223247，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    焦润安，男，1993年出生，甘肃通渭人，助理工程师，硕士，主要从事农业气象试验及业务工作。通信地址：743300 甘肃省定西市通渭县平襄镇南城社区文化街61号 通渭县气象局，Tel：0932-5552304，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR7RA700); 甘肃省自然科学基金项目(23JRRJ0005); 甘肃省教育厅青年博士支持项目(2023QB-020); 甘肃省气象局科研项目(MsCg2023-16); 定西市科技计划项目“旱作区冬小麦优良新品种繁育技术研究与示范”(DX2023AR03)

Climate Suitability Evaluation of Winter Wheat in Semi-Arid Area of Loess Plateau: A Case Study of Tongwei County

JIAO Run’an1(), LI Xuhua2, QI Yue3, LEI Jun3,4(), GOU Zhiwen5, ZANG Yajun1, XUE Xiao1   

  1. 1 Tongwei Meteorological Administration of Gansu Province, Tongwei, Gansu 743300
    2 Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dingxi, Gansu 743000
    3 Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration(CMA)/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province/ Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Lanzhou 730020
    4 Dingxi Meteorological Bureau, Dingxi, Gansu 743000
    5 Lanzhou Resources & Environment Voc-Tech University, Lanzhou 730021
  • Received:2023-05-31 Revised:2023-12-21 Published:2024-06-15 Online:2024-06-11

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摘要：

气候适宜度可以表征气候条件对作物生长发育的影响程度。利用黄土高原半干旱区通渭县近40 a气象资料和农业气象观测资料，基于模糊数学方法，根据冬小麦各发育时段对温度、水分、光照的需求，对黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区冬小麦全生育期气候适宜度进行评价。结果表明：通渭县近40 a冬小麦全生育期温度适宜度为0.58，停止生长—返青期的温度适宜度最高，达0.95，三叶期—停止生长的温度适宜度低，仅为-0.42，年际间差异小，全生育期温度适宜度以0.019/10 a的速率上升；水分适宜度为0.46，乳熟期—成熟期的水分适宜度最高，为0.66，其次为返青期—拔节期，为0.63，年际间差异大，全生育期水分适宜度以0.017/10 a的速率上升；光照适宜度为0.62，三叶期—停止生长和返青期—拔节期的光照适宜度最高，为0.68，乳熟期—成熟期最低，为0.51，全生育期光照适宜度以0.011/10 a的速率上升；综合适宜度为0.54，返青期—拔节期的综合适宜度最高，为0.70，三叶期—停止生长最低，为-0.36，全生育期综合适宜度以0.014/10 a的速率上升。冬小麦产量与抽穗期—乳熟期温度适宜度、乳熟期—成熟期水分适宜度、乳熟期—成熟期综合适宜度呈显著相关。气候适宜度能够较准确地反映出黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区冬小麦生育期内气象条件的优劣变化。

关键词: 黄土高原半干旱区, 冬小麦, 气候适宜度, 评价指标

Abstract:

Climate suitability can represent the degree of influence of climate conditions on crop growth and development. Based on the meteorological data and agricultural meteorological observation data of the last 40 years in Tongwei County in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, and the fuzzy mathematical method, the climate suitability of winter wheat during the whole growth period in semi-arid rain-fed agricultural area of Loess Plateau was evaluated according to the requirements of temperature, moisture and light in each development period of winter wheat. The results showed that the temperature suitability of winter wheat during the whole growth period in Tongwei County was 0.58 in the past 40 years, and the temperature suitability of winter wheat during the overwintering period was the highest (0.95). The temperature suitability of three-leaf stage to overwintering stage was low (-0.42), and the inter-annual difference was small. The temperature suitability of winter wheat during the whole growth period increased at a rate of 0.019/10a. Water suitability was 0.46, the highest water suitability was 0.66 for filling stage to ripening, followed by 0.63 for re-greening to jointing, and the water suitability increased at a rate of 0.017/10a during the whole growth period. The light suitability was 0.62, the highest light suitability was 0.68 from overwintering stage and re-greening stage to jointing stage, and the lowest was 0.51 from filling stage to maturity stage. The light suitability increased by 0.011/10a in the whole growth stage. The comprehensive suitability was 0.54, the highest was 0.70 at the re-greening to jointing stage, and the lowest was -0.36 at the three-leaf to overwintering stage. The comprehensive suitability increased at the rate of 0.014/10a during the whole growth period. Yield was significantly correlated with temperature suitability from heading stage to milk maturity stage, water suitability from milk maturity stage to maturity stage and comprehensive suitability from filling stage to maturity stage. The climatic suitability can accurately reflect the change of meteorological conditions during the growing period of winter wheat in the semi-arid of the Loess Plateau.

Key words: semi-arid area of Loess Plateau, winter wheat, climate suitability, evaluation indicator