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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 111-116.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-1043

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于气象因子的上海市金山区砂梨气候品质评价研究

吴俊婷1(), 徐相明2, 孙扬越1, 施春晖3, 周博强4   

  1. 1 上海市金山区气象局, 上海 201508
    2 上海市奉贤区气象局, 上海 201416
    3 上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所, 上海 201403
    4 上海智强农业有限公司, 上海 201500
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-29 修回日期:2026-05-31 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-24
  • 作者简介:

    吴俊婷,女,1996年出生,江苏南京人,工程师,硕士,研究方向:农业气象服务。通信地址:201508 上海市金山区杭州湾大道1228弄1号,E-mail:。

  • 基金资助:
    上海市气象局2025年科技开发项目“基于气象因子的上海市金山区砂梨气候品质评价研究”(QM202519)

Study on Evaluation of Climate Quality of Sand Pear in Jinshan, Shanghai Based on Meteorological Factors

WU Junting1(), XU Xiangming2, SUN Yangyue1, SHI Chunhui3, ZHOU Boqiang4   

  1. 1 Shanghai Jinshan Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 201508
    2 Fengxian District Meteorological Office, Shanghai 201416
    3 Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403
    4 Shanghai Zhiqiang Agriculture Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201500
  • Received:2025-12-29 Revised:2026-05-31 Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-09-24

摘要:

为定量化评估气象条件对砂梨品质的影响,利用2018—2024年砂梨果品数据和同期气象观测资料,采用相关分析、多元逐步回归、加权指数求和等方法,筛选出影响砂梨品质形成的关键气象因子,建立并检验了砂梨气候品质评价模型及气候品质等级指标。结果表明,砂梨的可溶性固形物含量与果实膨大期的气温日较差和日照时数均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.75和0.76,而与果实膨大期的最低气温及果实成熟采摘期的降水量均呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.81和-0.73;单果重与果实膨大期的降水量正相关性最大,相关系数为0.96;特优级砂梨气候品质等级指标为采摘前35 d内的平均日最低气温≤24.0℃,采摘前15 d日较差≥7.0℃,采摘前31 d内的日照时数≥175.6 h,采摘前36 d内的降水量≥186.0 mm,且采摘前10 d降水量≤66.0 mm。经检验,所建立的砂梨气候品质评价模型能够较好地反映气候条件对砂梨品质的影响,该研究成果可为砂梨生产及相关管理部门提供科学的决策参考依据。

关键词: 金山砂梨, 气候品质, 气象因子, 相关分析, 回归模型

Abstract:

To quantitatively assess the impact of meteorological conditions on the quality of sand pears, the key meteorological factors affecting the quality of sand pears were screen out by using the methods of correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and weighted calculation based on the quality data of sand pears from 2018 to 2024 and the meteorological observation data of the same period. The climate quality evaluation models and fruit climate quality classification index for Jinshan sand pears were constructed. The results showed that the soluble solids content of sand pears was significantly positively correlated with the daily temperature range and sunshine duration during the fruit expansion period, with correlation coefficients of 0.75 and 0.76 respectively, while it was significantly negatively correlated with the minimum temperature during the fruit expansion period and the precipitation at maturity stage, with correlation coefficients of -0.81 and -0.73 respectively. The single fruit weight had the greatest positive correlation with the precipitation during the fruit expansion period, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. The climate quality grade indicators for the super-grade sand pear were as follows: the average daily minimum temperature within 35 days before picking was no more than 24.0℃, the daily temperature range within15 days before picking was no less than 7.0℃, the sunshine duration within 31 days before picking was no less than 175.6 hours, the precipitation within 36 days before picking was no less than 186.0 mm, and the precipitation within 10 days before picking was no more than 66.0 mm. Upon verification, the sand pear climate quality evaluation models established in this paper can effectively reflect the impact of climatic conditions on sand pear quality. This research outcome can provide a scientific decision-making reference for sand pear production and relevant management departments.

Key words: Jinshan sand pear, climate quality, meteorological factors, correlation analysis, regression model

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