不同分离方法对六妹羊肚菌菌丝生长、出菇物候及产量的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0179

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

羊肚菌菌种分离方法直接影响菌株遗传稳定性、出菇整齐度与产量高低，当前对六妹羊肚菌不同分离方法的比较研究仍较薄弱。为明确组织分离法与多孢分离法对六妹羊肚菌栽培性状的影响，本研究以同一六妹羊肚菌子实体为试材，采用组织分离与多孢分离获得4株菌株，系统测定菌丝生长、满袋时间、出菇物候及产量。结果表明，4株菌株均含MAT1-1-1与MAT1-2-1交配型基因，PDA生长速度14.1~15.2 mm/d，无显著差异；多孢分离菌株MS2满袋时间26.5 d，显著快于组织分离菌株TS1(34.2 d)、TS2(35.5 d)；多孢分离菌株菌霜-原基间隔缩短约2.5 d，首次采收时间为73.3~74.0 d，显著早于组织分离菌株75.0~76.0 d；产量上MS2最高(0.45 kg/m²)，显著高于TS1、TS2、MS1最低(0.35 kg/m²)，菌株间差异显著。研究表明，多孢分离法可产生丰富表型变异，利于筛选高产菌株，但需严格优选；组织分离法性状稳定，但菌丝定植与生殖发育效率偏低；多孢分离菌株MS2综合性状最优，具备生产应用价值。本研究结果可为六妹羊肚菌高效菌种分离、良种选育及稳产栽培提供科学依据。

关键词: 六妹羊肚菌, 组织分离, 多孢分离, 交配型基因, 产量

Abstract:

The isolation method of Morchella strains directly affects the genetic stability, fruiting uniformity and yield of the strains. At present, the comparative study of different isolation methods of Morchella sextelata is still weak. In order to compare the effects of tissue isolation and multi-spore isolation on the cultivation performance of Morchella sextelata, and to evaluate the application potential of the two methods in strain breeding of morel, using the same fruiting body of Morchella sextelata as the test material, four strains were obtained by tissue isolation and multi-spore isolation, and their mycelial growth, bag-full time, fruiting phenology and yield were systematically determined. The results showed that all four strains contained both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 mating-type genes, and the mycelial growth rate on PDA medium ranged from 14.1 to 15.2 mm/d without significant difference. The bag-full time of multi-spore isolated strain MS2 (26.5 d) was significantly shorter than that of tissue isolated strains TS1 (34.2 d) and TS2 (35.5 d). The interval from sclerotium to primordium of multi-spore isolated strains was shortened by about 2.5 d, and the first harvest time (73.3-74.0 d) was significantly earlier than that of tissue isolated strains (75.0-76.0 d). MS2 had the highest yield (0.45 kg/m²), which was significantly higher than that of TS1 and TS2, while MS1 had the lowest yield (0.35 kg/m²), showing significant differences among strains. Multi-spore isolation could produce greater phenotypic variation and screen out high-yield strains, but required strict selection. Tissue isolation had stable traits but low reproductive efficiency. Strain MS2 had excellent comprehensive characteristics and production application value. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the efficient strain isolation, breeding and stable cultivation of Morchella sextelata.

Key words: Morchella sextelata, tissue isolation, multi-spore isolation, mating-type genes, yield

中图分类号:

S-3农业科学研究、试验

李银双, 李晓花, 赵有亮, 陈珍, 王春光, 苏银森, 罗发富, 李益荣. 不同分离方法对六妹羊肚菌菌丝生长、出菇物候及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(11): 57-64.

LI Yinshuang, LI Xiaohua, ZHAO Youliang, CHEN Zhen, WANG Chunguang, SU Yinsen, LUO Fafu, LI Yirong. Effects of Different Isolation Methods on Mycelial Growth, Fruiting Phenology and Yield of Morchella sextelata[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(11): 57-64.

图/表 9

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菌株编号	采集地	分群	序列登录号
菌株编号	采集地	分群	ITS	EF1-a	RPB2	MAT1-1-1	MAT1-2-1
YZ02	云南楚雄	黑色羊肚菌	PV226238	PV131310	PV131313	PV131311	PV131312

菌株编号	采集地	分群	序列登录号
菌株编号	采集地	分群	ITS	EF1-a	RPB2	MAT1-1-1	MAT1-2-1
YZ02	云南楚雄	黑色羊肚菌	PV226238	PV131310	PV131313	PV131311	PV131312

菌株编号	PDA平板生长速度/(mm/d)	菌落形态特征	栽培种满袋时间/d
TS1	14.3±0.5a	菌丝较稀疏，气生菌丝少，边缘欠整齐	34.2±1.8a
TS2	14.1±0.7a	菌丝较稀疏，气生菌丝少，边缘欠整齐	35.5±1.6a
MS1	14.8±0.6a	菌丝浓密洁白，气生菌丝旺盛，边缘整齐，产生淡黄色色素	29.8±1.5b
MS2	15.2±0.6a	菌丝浓密洁白，气生菌丝旺盛，边缘整齐，产生淡黄色色素	26.5±1.3c

菌株编号	PDA平板生长速度/(mm/d)	菌落形态特征	栽培种满袋时间/d
TS1	14.3±0.5a	菌丝较稀疏，气生菌丝少，边缘欠整齐	34.2±1.8a
TS2	14.1±0.7a	菌丝较稀疏，气生菌丝少，边缘欠整齐	35.5±1.6a
MS1	14.8±0.6a	菌丝浓密洁白，气生菌丝旺盛，边缘整齐，产生淡黄色色素	29.8±1.5b
MS2	15.2±0.6a	菌丝浓密洁白，气生菌丝旺盛，边缘整齐，产生淡黄色色素	26.5±1.3c

菌株	菌霜出现时间	原基出现时间	菌霜—原基间隔	针尖期出现时间	桑葚期出现时间	首次采收时间
TS1	12.3±1.5a	49.7±1.2ab	37.4±0.6ab	52.7±1.2a	56.0±1.0a	75.0±1.0a
TS2	12.7±1.5a	50.3±0.6a	38.0±1.0a	53.5±1.2b	56.7±1.2a	76.0±1.0a
MS1	14.0±1.0b	49.0±1.0b	35.0±0.0b	51.3±1.2c	54.3±1.2b	74.0±0.0b
MS2	14.3±1.5b	49.7±1.5ab	35.2±1.2ab	52.0±0.0ab	55.0±0.0ab	73.3±1.2b