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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (17): 146-151.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0394

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

抗菌脂肽对烟草黑胫病防效及烟叶产质量的影响

邹顺惺1(), 李怡霖1, 颜芬1, 马博1, 王发坤1, 阮奠发1, 赵俊杰1, 刘欣2()   

  1. 1 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司， 云南曲靖 655000
    2 华中科技大学， 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-25 修回日期:2026-07-24 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者:
    刘欣，男，1975年出生，湖北天门人，教授，博士，主要从事蛋白质分析及功能相关的分子设计及改造研究。通信地址：430074 湖北省武汉市洪山区珞喻路1037号 华中科技大学生命科学与技术学院，Tel：027-87792170，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    邹顺惺，男，1988年出生，云南曲靖人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟草病虫害综合防治技术研究。通信地址：654200 云南省曲靖市会泽县通宝路449号，Tel：0874-5131744，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司计划管理类项目“基于抗菌脂肽防控烟草黑胫病的技术构建与示范”(2024YNQJKJ03)

Effects of Antibacterial Lipopeptide on Control of Black Shank and Yield and Quality of Tobacco

ZOU Shunxing1(), LI Yilin1, YAN Fen1, MA Bo1, WANG Fakun1, RUAN Dianfa1, ZHAO Junjie1, LIU Xin2()   

  1. 1 Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Corporation, Qujing, Yunnan 655000
    2 Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074
  • Received:2026-05-25 Revised:2026-07-24 Published:2026-09-15 Online:2026-09-09

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摘要：

为探究抗菌脂肽在不同剂量下对云南会泽县主栽烤烟品种‘云烟100’黑胫病的田间防治效果，以及对烟叶产质量的影响，于2024年在黑胫病重发区会泽县马路乡马路村开展田间定位试验。试验设置抗菌脂肽3个处理梯度(0.75、1.5、2.25 kg/hm2)处理，以生产常用的40%烯酰吗啉作为阳性对照、清水作为空白对照。分别在烤烟移栽后15、30、45、60 d调查黑胫病病情指数与防治效果，测定烤烟旺长期各处理的主要农艺性状，采收烘烤后同时统计产量及等级质量并测定中部烟叶(C3F)常规化学成分。结果表明：（1）各药剂处理均能有效防控烟草黑胫病，整体防效表现为：抗菌脂肽2.25 kg/hm2>1.5 kg/hm2>0.75 kg/hm2>300 mL/hm2 40%烯酰吗啉，烟株移栽后60 d三种不同用量的抗菌脂肽处理的防治效果为70.39%~83.21%，显著优于烯酰吗啉的62.63%；（2）2.25 kg/hm2抗菌脂肽处理组，除最大叶叶长、叶宽与1.5 kg/hm2处理之间差异不明显外，其他农艺性状指标均显著高于1.5 kg/hm2的抗菌脂肽，且3种用量抗菌脂肽的主要农艺性状均显著优于阳性对照；（3）烟叶化学成分、产量品质均以1.5 kg/hm2处理表现最优，化学成分协调性更佳。因此，在会泽县生态条件下，1.5 kg/hm2的抗菌脂肽为防控‘云烟100’黑胫病的最佳施用剂量，其防治效果优于传统化学药剂烯酰吗啉，兼具促进生长、提升品质、优化烟叶内在化学成分的多重作用，适合在当地烤烟绿色生产中推广应用。

关键词: 抗菌脂肽, 烯酰吗啉, ‘云烟100’, 烟草黑胫病, 施用量

Abstract:

To explore the field control efficacy of different dosages of antibacterial lipopeptides against black shank disease of flue-cured tobacco cultivar ‘Yunyan 100’ (the dominant flue-cured tobacco variety cultivated in Huize County, Yunnan Province), as well as its effects on tobacco leaf yield and quality, a field trial was conducted in a plot severely affected by tobacco black shank disease in Malu Village, Malu Township, Huize County in 2024. Three dosage gradients of antibacterial lipopeptides (0.75 kg/hm2, 1.5 kg/hm², 2.25 kg/hm2) were set for the experiment. The commonly used 40% dimethomorph was set as the positive control, and clear water served as the blank control. The disease index and control efficacy of tobacco black shank disease were surveyed at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after tobacco transplanting, respectively. The main agronomic traits of tobacco plants under each treatment were determined at the vigorous growth stage. After harvesting and curing, the yield and grade quality of tobacco leaves were statistically analyzed, and the conventional chemical components of middle tobacco leaves (C3F) were determined simultaneously. The results showed that: (1) all treatments could effectively control tobacco black shank disease, and the overall control efficacy was ranked as follows: antibacterial lipopeptides 2.25 kg/hm2 > 1.5 kg/hm2 > 0.75 kg/hm2 > 40% dimethomorph (300 mL/hm²). At 60 days after tobacco transplanting, the control efficacies of the three dosages of antibacterial lipopeptides ranged from 70.39% to 83.21%, which were significantly higher than the 62.63% achieved by dimethomorph. (2) For the antibacterial lipopeptides treatment at 2.25 kg/hm2, no significant differences were observed in maximum leaf length and leaf width compared with the 1.5 kg/hm2 treatment; other agronomic trait indicators were significantly superior to the 1.5 kg/hm² antibacterial lipopeptides treatment. Furthermore, the main agronomic traits under the three dosages of antibacterial lipopeptides were significantly better than those of the positive control. (3) The treatment of 1.5 kg/hm2 presented the best performance regarding tobacco leaf chemical components, yield and quality, with more harmonious chemical components. Therefore, under the ecological conditions in Huize County, the optimal application dosage of antibacterial lipopeptides for the control of black shank disease in ‘Yunyan 100’ is 1.5 kg/hm². Its control efficacy is superior to the traditional chemical pesticide dimethomorph. Meanwhile, it possesses multiple functions including disease prevention, growth promotion, quality improvement and optimization of internal chemical components of tobacco leaves, hence being suitable for popularization and application in the green production of local flue-cured tobacco.

Key words: antibacterial lipopeptide, dimethomorph, ‘Yunyan 100’, tobacco black shank, application rate

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