欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (7): 287-291.

所属专题： 油料作物； 农业气象

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

河套灌区向日葵菌核病发生的气象条件分析

孔德胤 高飞翔 李建军 王卫东 陈静平   

  • 收稿日期:2011-11-08 修回日期:2012-01-18 出版日期:2012-03-05 发布日期:2012-03-05

Analysis of Meteorological Conditions on Occurring of Sunflower Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Hetao Irrigation

  • Received:2011-11-08 Revised:2012-01-18 Online:2012-03-05 Published:2012-03-05

PDF (PC)

650

摘要：

向日葵是巴彦淖尔市的主要经济作物，占全市作物总播面积的30%以上，而菌核病制约着向日葵产业的健康发展。根据气象指标，提前判断向日葵菌核病出现早晚、发生程度的轻重，对于指导生产与科学防治至关重要。根据河套灌区向日葵菌核病中心病株出现期、始盛期与同期气象资料的相关性分析，研究其与气象条件的关系，确立向日葵菌核病发生的农业气象指标。结果表明，确定的13个指标中，有7个是4月下旬以前的指标。而这些指标大都直接、间接影响到土壤湿度，通过土壤湿度变化影响向日葵菌核病发生的早晚、发生程度的高低。6月份是关键时段，6月大风每增加1天，菌核病中心病株出现期和始盛期分别提前12.1天和2.5天，6月中旬平均最低气温每升高1℃，菌核病始盛期提前1天出现，6月中旬平均最高气温每升高1℃，菌核病发生程度提高0.09级。根据菌核病发生期和发生程度平均状况，可确定农业气象指标。为降低菌核病孢子存活的土壤条件，变秋灌为春灌，使菌核病存活的条件降低，待播种前进行灌溉，灌后播种，降低菌核病发生程度。加强农田防护林带建设力度，减缓大风对作物的伤害，推迟菌核病发生期。

关键词: 生根, 生根

Abstract:

Sunflower is the major cash crops in Bayannaoer, and accounted more than 30% for the total crop sowing area of the city, while the sunflower Sclerotinia was restricting the healthy development of the industry. It could be judged early the sunflower Sclerotinia appear sooner or later and the occurrence of the degree of severity by meteorological index, therefore, it was very important to guide the production and scientific control. Correlation analysis was performed between data about appearance of central infected plants, prosperous beginning stage, occurrence degree for sunflower Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in hetao irrigation district and meteorological data in corresponding period, and corresponding predictive equations were established and established the prediction equation. The results showed that 13 index were identified, 7 were indicators before late April. Most of these indicators, directly or indirectly affected soil moisture, soil moisture changed by sunflower Sclerotinia occurred sooner or later, the occurrence of high and low degree. June was the critical period, June winds for each additional day, Sclerotinia center stage and the beginning of peak strain there were 12.1 days and 2.5 days in advance, average minimum temperature in mid-June was increased by 1℃, Sclerotinia appeared before peak 1 day in advance. The average maximum temperature was increased in mid-1℃, higher levels of 0.09 Sclerotinia occurred.