关键词: 玉米, 遮阴, 氮肥, 硼肥, 产量, 农艺性状

Abstract:

Shading is the major limited factor for maize grain yield, and enhancing the shading tolerance of maize can contribute to the high grain yield and the anti-abiotic stress cultivation. An experiment was conducted using the maize cultivar ‘Suyu 29’ to investigate the effect of top dressing of nitrogen and boron fertilizer on plant morphology, biomass and grain yield under anthesis shading. The results showed that plant height, stem thickness, leaf area and biomass decreased under the shading condition, and the anthesis-silking interval was lengthened. Compared with shading treatment, top dressing of nitrogen and boron fertilizer in ear-bearing stage increased plant height, stem thickness, leaf area and dry matter accumulation, and the increase range reached the peak under nitrogen and boron fertilizer combination. Shading treatment increased bale length, decreased kernel number and weight, and the application of nitrogen and boron fertilizer alleviated the negative effects on bale length and kernel number. The grain yield under shading treatment with boron, nitrogen and both boron and nitrogen increased by 36.7%, 8.0% and 43.1% respectively. The biomass was influenced by the limited leaf area, and the reduction of grain yield was related to the lengthened bale length and the reduced kernel number and kernel weight. Top dressing with nitrogen and boron fertilizer in the ear-bearing stage can help to relieve the negative effects of shading during anthesis on grain yield of maize.

Key words: maize, shading, nitrogen fertilizer, boron fertilizer, yield, agronomic character