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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (36): 6-11.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100021

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物有机肥用量及部分替代化肥对小麦产量效应的研究

王家宝1(), 孙义祥1, 李虹颖1, 袁嫚嫚1, 邬刚1, 张祥明1(), 胡润2, 胡承庚3   

  1. 1安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,安徽省养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,合肥 230031
    2安徽省池州市农业科学研究所,安徽池州 247100
    3六安市土壤肥料站,安徽六安 237100
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-08 修回日期:2020-03-10 出版日期:2020-12-25 发布日期:2020-12-23
  • 通讯作者: 张祥明
  • 作者简介:王家宝,男,1989年出生,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向：植物营养与高效施肥技术。通信地址：230031安徽省合肥市庐阳区农科南路40号 安徽省农业科学院创新大楼,E-mail： wangjiabao19900804@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省科技重大专项项目“中药渣与畜禽粪污肥料化集成技术研究与示范”(201903b06020006);国家重点研发计划项目“安徽稻麦(油)轮作区水稻化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范”(2016YFD0200806)

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Partial Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer on Wheat Yield

Wang Jiabao1(), Sun Yixiang1, Li Hongying1, Yuan Manman1, Wu Gang1, Zhang Xiangming1(), Hu Run2, Hu Chenggeng3   

  1. 1Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Resource Environment, Hefei 230031
    2Institute of Agriculture Science Research of Chizhou, Chizhou Anhui 247100
    3Liuan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Liuan Anhui 237100
  • Received:2020-01-08 Revised:2020-03-10 Online:2020-12-25 Published:2020-12-23
  • Contact: Zhang Xiangming

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摘要：

为验证商品有机肥部分替代化肥对小麦产量的影响,以确定有机肥替代化肥的最优比例,本试验采用大田小区试验的方法,以商品生物有机肥为材料,研究生物有机肥用量和部分替代化肥对小麦生长、产量与产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:小麦产量随生物有机肥施用量的增加而提高,当用量为5636.5 kg/hm2时,产量为7800.6 kg/hm2。在等养分条件下,生物有机肥料与化肥配合施用,能促进小麦植株个体的生长,有机肥替代17%~34%化肥比单施化肥处理增产11.3%~11.8%。在施用有机肥1500 kg/hm2的基础上,化肥减量34%,小麦产量达7542.0 kg/hm2,较单施化肥提高了11.8%,化肥减量34%与减量17%相比小麦产量差异不显著,主要原因是施用生物有机肥料可以增加有效穗、穗粒数、千粒重。本试验条件下,单施商品生物有机肥5600 kg/hm2,有机肥替代化肥的比例20%~30%,能有效减轻小麦菌核病的发生,改善小麦的产量结构,有利于产量的提高。

关键词: 小麦, 商品生物有机肥, 用量, 有机替代比例, 产量

Abstract:

To verify the effect of commercial organic fertilizer on wheat yield after partial substitution of chemical fertilizer, and to determine the optimal ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer, this experiment used the method of field trials, using commercial bio-organic fertilizer as material, to study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer usage and partial substitution of chemical fertilizers on wheat growth, yield and yield components. The results showed that the yield of wheat increased with the application of bio-organic fertilizer. When the application amount was 5636.5 kg/hm2, the yield was 7800.6 kg/hm2. Under the condition of equal nutrients, the combination of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could promote the growth of individual wheat plant, and the replacement of 17%-34% chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer could increase the yield by 11.3%-11.8%, compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer. On the basis of applying 1500 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer, reducing chemical fertilizer application by 34%, the yield of wheat was 7542.0 kg/hm2, which was increased by 11.8% compared with that of chemical fertilizer alone. The yield difference between 34% and 17% reduction of chemical fertilizer was not significant, because the application of bio-organic fertilizer could increase the effective ear, the number of grains per ear and the weight of 1000 grains. In this experiment, the application of 5600 kg/hm2commercial bio-organic fertilizer and substituting 20%-30% chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer could effectively reduce the occurrence of wheat Sclerotinia, improve the yield structure of wheat and increase the yield.

Key words: wheat, commercial bio-organic fertilizer, consumption amount, organic substitution ratio, yield

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