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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (19): 36-41.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0360

所属专题: 棉花 农业气象

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

密度对棉花株间小气候、农艺性状及产量的影响

华烨1(), 周昊楠2, 许婷婷3, 吉春容4()   

  1. 1新疆维吾尔自治区气象台,乌鲁木齐 830002
    2乌鲁木齐市气象局,乌鲁木齐 832002
    3新疆维吾尔自治区气象台,乌鲁木齐 832000
    4中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-14 修回日期:2020-11-15 出版日期:2021-07-05 发布日期:2021-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 吉春容
  • 作者简介:华烨,女,1985年出生,山东青岛人,工程师,硕士,主要从事公共气象及农业气象灾害研究。通信地址:830002 新疆乌鲁木齐市建国路327号,Tel:0991-2643303,Email: 40959887@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目“滴灌模式下绿洲棉田干旱发生与致灾解除过程特征及其临界条件研究”(41975146)

Impact of Density on the Microclimate, Agronomic Characteristics and Yield of Cotton Plants

Hua Ye1(), Zhou Haonan2, Xu Tingting3, Ji Chunrong4()   

  1. 1Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002
    2Urumqi Meteorological Bureau, Urumqi 830002
    3Xinjiang Agro-meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830000
    4Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002
  • Received:2020-08-14 Revised:2020-11-15 Online:2021-07-05 Published:2021-07-29
  • Contact: Ji Chunrong

摘要:

为掌握棉花群体结构中的小气候环境状况,确定棉花不同密度对产量的影响,设计6个不同密度测定农艺性状,选择棉花郁闭度最大的开花盛期,测定不同棉花密度群体田间小气候要素。结果表明,密度不同棉花的农业性状发生很大变化,群体间光、温、湿度等气候因子有较大的改变。随着密度的增加,棉花株高、茎粗、叶片数、果枝数、蕾数、铃数、铃重与株间梯度温度差呈显著负相关,而与透光率呈正相关;最佳密度群体株间梯度温度差应0.3~0.4℃;棉株间地面透光率应在5.5%以上。密度22.5万株/hm2产量表现最佳,其次是27.0万株/hm2,再其次是18.0万株/hm2。在当前栽培管理水平下,北疆早熟棉花品种的种植密度以20万~25万株/hm2为宜。

关键词: 棉花, 密度, 小气候, 农艺性状, 产量

Abstract:

To grasp the microclimate environment in the cotton population structure, the influence of different cotton densities on yield was determined. Six different densities were designed to determine agronomic traits, and the microclimatic elements in the field of different cotton densities were measured by selecting the flowering bloom period with the highest cotton density. The results showed that the agricultural traits of cotton varied greatly with density, and the climatic factors such as light, temperature, and humidity changed considerably among the groups. With the increasing of density, agricultural traits of cotton, including plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruiting branches, number of buds and bolls, and boll weight, were significantly and negatively correlated with the gradient temperature difference between cotton plants, while positively correlated with the light transmittance. The gradient temperature difference between cotton plants of the optimal density group should be less than 0.3-0.4℃, and the light transmittance between cotton plants should be above 5.5%. The density of 225000 plants/hm2 showed the best yield performance, followed by 270000 plants/hm2, and then 180000 plants/hm2. Under the current cultivation and management level, the planting density of early maturing cotton in northern Xinjiang should be designed at 200000-250000 plants/hm2.

Key words: cotton, density, microclimate, agronomic trait, yield

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