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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 14-24.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0697

所属专题： 生物技术； 马铃薯； 农业气象

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱胁迫对马铃薯生理特性及解剖结构的影响

郑植尹1(), 王芳1,2,3,4,5()   

  1. 1青海大学,西宁 810016
    2青海省农林科学院,西宁 810016
    3青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁 810016
    4青藏高原生物技术教育部重点实验室,西宁 810016
    5青海省马铃薯育种重点实验室,西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-20 修回日期:2021-01-29 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 王芳
  • 作者简介:郑植尹,男,1996年出生,山西长治人,硕士研究生,主要从事马铃薯遗传育种研究。通信地址：810000 青海省西宁市宁大路251号, E-mail： 2196104760@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-9);“专用型马铃薯产业高质量发展关键技术研发与示范”(2019-NK-A1)

Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Anatomical Structure of Potato

Zheng Zhiyin1(), Wang Fang1,2,3,4,5()   

  1. 1Qinghai University, Xining 810016
    2Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016
    3State Key Laboratory of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in San Jiang Yuan Ecology and Plateau, Xining 810016
    4Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Ministry of Education of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xining 810016
    5Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding, Xining 810016
  • Received:2020-11-20 Revised:2021-01-29 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-03-16
  • Contact: Wang Fang

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摘要：

通过研究不同土壤含水量条件下马铃薯的植物学性状、生理指标和显微指标等,探讨马铃薯在干旱胁迫下的抗旱反应和抗旱生理机制。试验用‘青薯9号’和‘闽薯1号’2个品种,以T0 (CK)适宜水分（土壤相对含水量为70%~75%）为对照、其他土壤含水量分别为55%~60% (T1)、40%~45% (T2)、25%~30% (T3)和出苗后不再浇水(T4)等水分胁迫处理下,分析其植物学性状、生理指标和显微指标。试验结果：（1）水分胁迫对2个马铃薯品种的植物学性状（株高、茎粗、地上部分鲜重、地上部分干重、叶面积、根的鲜重、根的干重和根长）均有显著影响,随着土壤含水量的降低,‘青薯9号’和‘闽薯1号’2个品种的上述性状指标均有降低趋势,其中‘青薯9号’的株高、地上部分鲜重、地上部分干重、根的鲜重、干重和根长均大于‘闽薯1号’。（2）生理指标分析表明：在T2~T4水分胁迫下,马铃薯的脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等含量与对照T0相比有极显著差异(P<0.01);（3）显微结构分析表明：叶片的上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和栅海比均受到水分胁迫影响。该试验为马铃薯的抗旱栽培和育种提供了理论依据。

关键词: 马铃薯, 干旱胁迫, 生物学性状, 生理生化, 显微结构

Abstract:

The drought resistance response and physiological mechanism of potato under drought stress were studied by exploring the botanical characters, physiological indexes and microscopic indexes of potato under different soil water content conditions. Two potato varieties of ‘Qingshu 9’ and ‘Minshu 1’ were used as materials. The optimum moisture content of soil in T0 (CK) (70%-75% relative soil water content) was taken as the control, and other treatments were T1 (55%-60%), T2 (40%-45%), T3 (25%-30%) and T4 (no watering after emergence). The botanical characters, physiological indexes and microscopic indexes of potato plant were analyzed respectively. The results show that water stress has significant effects on phenotypic traits (plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight of aboveground part, dry weight of aboveground part, leaf area, root fresh weight, root dry weight and root length) of the two potato varieties, the measured values of the above botanical characters of ‘Qingshu 9’ and ‘Minshu 1’ have a decreasing tendency with the decrease of soil water content, the plant height, fresh weight of aboveground part, dry weight of aboveground part, root fresh weight, root dry weight and root length of ‘Qingshu 9’ are all higher than those of ‘Minshu 1’. The analysis of physiological indexes shows that under T2-T4 treatments, the contents of proline, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in potato are significantly different from those of control T0 (P<0.01). The microscopic index analysis shows that the upper epidermal thickness, lower epidermal thickness, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness and grid-sea ratio of the leaves are all affected by water stress. The experiment could provide a theoretical basis for drought-resistant cultivation and breeding of potato.

Key words: potato, drought stress, biological traits, physiology and biochemistry, microstructure

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