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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (16): 91-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0592

所属专题： 生物技术； 油料作物； 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

开花期气象因子对油菜结实的影响

李民华1(), 帅细强2, 谢佰承2(), 黄安凤1, 张伟1   

  1. 1湖南怀化市农业气象试验站,湖南怀化 418000
    2气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,长沙 410118
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-07 修回日期:2021-10-23 出版日期:2022-06-05 发布日期:2022-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 谢佰承
  • 作者简介:李民华,男,1964年出生,湖南邵东人,高级工程师,大学本科,主要从事农业气象科研与服务工作。通信地址：418000 湖南怀化市迎丰东路177号,Tel：0745-2730255,E-mail： lmh2730255@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省气象局重点项目“影响油菜产量形成的主要气象灾害定量评估技术研究”(XQKJ19A004);湖南省自然科学基金“气象条件下油茶最佳采摘期预报”(2020JJ4395)

The Influence of Meteorological Factors at Flowering Stage on Seed Setting of Rape

LI Minhua1(), SHUAI Xiqiang2, XIE Baicheng2(), HUANG Anfeng1, ZHANG Wei1   

  1. 1Huaihua Agrometeorological Experimental Station, Huaihua, Hunan 418000
    2Hunan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Changsha 410118
  • Received:2021-06-07 Revised:2021-10-23 Online:2022-06-05 Published:2022-06-09
  • Contact: XIE Baicheng

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摘要：

基于2011—2018年油菜开花日挂牌标记试验,考种不同开花时段油菜结荚率、单荚子粒数,分析不同时期低温对油菜结实的影响,建立气象因子与油菜子粒损失率的影响定量关系。结果表明,2月25日前的低温对油菜结实的影响以中度和重度为主,3月中下旬的低温对油菜结实的影响以轻度为主,2月26日—3月10日的低温对油菜结实的影响以轻度和中度为主。油菜子粒损失率与开花时日最低气温平均值、日平均降雨量相关不显著,与开花时平均气温、日最高气温平均值、日照时数平均值、日平均相对湿度相关显著。随开花平均气温下降,日最高气温平均值下降,空气相对湿度升高。开花时空气相对湿度为70%,且日平均气温≤6.9℃,或空气相对湿度为80%,日平均气温≤8.0℃,油菜中度受害;开花时空气相对湿度为80%,且日平均气温≤4.3℃,或空气相对湿度为85%,日平均气温≤4.8℃,油菜重度受害。其次分析确定了不同天气类型下油菜开花结实的冷积温指标,当日照低温天气的冷积温指标为≥16.5℃,或无日照低温阴雨天气的冷积温指标为≥5.0℃,为中度受害。当日照低温天气的冷积温指标为≥37.5℃,或无日照低温阴雨天气的冷积温指标为≥26.0℃,为重度受害。试验结果可为油菜灾害预警评估和减灾防灾农业气象服务提供技术支撑。

关键词: 油菜, 开花期, 气象因子, 子粒损失率, 冷积温, 灾害预警评估

Abstract:

Based on the observation data of rape fixed-point experiment from 2011 to 2018, the effects of low temperature on rape podding rate and seed number per pod were analyzed in different flowering periods. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between meteorological factors and seed loss rate was established. The results showed that: the effects of low temperature on seed setting were mainly moderate and severe before February 25, mainly mild in the middle and last ten days of March, and mainly mild and moderate from February 26 to March 10. The relationship between rape seed loss rate with the average daily minimum temperature and daily average rainfall during the flowering stage was not significant, but the relationship between seed loss rate with average temperature, average daily maximum temperature, average sunshine hours, and average daily relative humidity at flowering were significant. With the decrease of average flowering temperature, the average maximum temperature decreased and the relative humidity increased. When the relative humidity of air was 70% and the daily average temperature was ≤6.9℃, or the relative humidity of air was 80% and the daily average temperature was ≤8.0℃, rape would suffer from moderate damage. When the relative humidity of air in flowering time was 80% and the daily average temperature was ≤4.3℃, or the relative humidity of air was 85% and the daily average temperature was ≤4.8℃, the rape would suffer from severe damage. The cold accumulated temperature indexes of rape flowering and seed setting under different weather types were determined. When the cold accumulated temperature index of sunshine and low temperature weather was ≥16.5℃, or the index of cold accumulated temperature of no sunshine and low temperature rainy weather was ≥5.0℃, it was moderate damage. When the cold accumulated temperature index of sunshine and low temperature weather was ≥37.5℃, or the cold accumulated temperature index of no sunshine and low temperature rainy weather was ≥26.0℃, it was severe damage. The results could provide technical support for early warning evaluation and agrometeorological service of disaster reduction and prevention in rape production.

Key words: rape, flowering stage, meteorological factors, seed loss rate, cold accumulated temperature, disaster early warning assessment

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