藜麦菜用品种筛选及刈割可行性初探

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选适宜菜用的藜麦品种,并探索藜麦苗刈割的可行性,引种甘肃、内蒙、山西等地11份藜麦品种（系）,在日光温室栽培36天采收茎叶,进行植株性状、鲜食产量、适口性、营养物质含量及刈割可行性的比较。结果表明,‘条藜1号’、‘陇藜4号’鲜食产量较高,‘ZK1’、‘陇藜4号’、‘条藜1号’的营养丰富,‘陇藜4号’、‘陇藜5号’、‘陇藜3号’适口性较好。综合产量、营养及口感,‘陇藜4号’可作为菜用品种示范种植,该品种采收期株高36.0 cm、茎粗6.3 cm、叶片数16.7个、单株鲜重7.8 g,直收产量15.10 t/hm²,适宜刈割方式收获,刈割产量接近并略低于直收产量。

关键词: 藜麦, 菜用, 品种, 品质, 刈割

Abstract:

In order to select suitable quinoa varieties for vegetable use and explore the feasibility of cutting quinoa seedlings, 11 varieties (lines) of quinoa from Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi were introduced and cultivated in solar greenhouse for 36 days to collect stems and leaves, and plant traits, fresh food yield, palatability, nutrient content and cutting feasibility were compared. The results showed that the fresh food yield of ‘Tiaoli 1’ and ‘Longli 4’ were higher, ‘ZK1’, ‘Longli 4’ and ‘Tiaoli 1’ were richer in nutrition, ‘Longli 4’, ‘Longli 5’ and ‘Longli 3’ had better palatability. Considering yield, nutrition and palatability comprehensively, ‘Longli 4’ could be demonstrated and planted as a vegetable variety. ‘Longli 4’ is suitable for harvesting by cutting, with plant height of 36.0 cm, stem diameter of 6.3 cm, leaf number of 16.7, fresh weight of 7.8 g/plant and direct harvesting yield of 15.10 t/hm². The cutting yield of ‘Longli 4’ is close to and slightly lower than the direct harvesting yield.

Key words: quinoa, vegetable use, variety, quality, cutting

中图分类号:

S649

梅丽, 韩立红, 周继华, 周吉红, 祝宁, 王俊英, 曹彩红, 何秉青. 藜麦菜用品种筛选及刈割可行性初探[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(31): 31-37.

MEI Li, HAN Lihong, ZHOU Jihua, ZHOU Jihong, ZHU Ning, WANG Junying, CAO Caihong, HE Bingqing. Screening and Cutting Feasibility of Quinoa Vegetable Varieties[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(31): 31-37.

图/表 7

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品种（系）	12月5日			12月10日			12月15日			12月20日
品种（系）	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数
ZK1	8.9de	0.8fg	7.9cd	13.8e	2.3fg	10.7cd	18.5ef	2.5cd	12.7c	31.2e	4.2c	15.6abc
ZK2	7.3f	0.6g	7.8d	11.5f	2.0g	10.0d	16.4f	2.7cd	12.7c	25.6f	4.2c	15.0bc
ZK5	10.0abc	1.3cd	8.0bcd	16.3abc	2.9de	11.7bc	21.6cd	3.0cd	12.2c	32.5cde	4.3c	14.4c
ZK7	9.1cd	1.0ef	8.3abcd	14.0de	2.2fg	11.8bc	21.4cd	3.2c	13.6abc	31.7de	4.2c	16.1abc
SC1	9.2cd	1.2de	9.0ab	15.7bcde	2.7ef	12.2ab	22.4bcd	3.2c	14.7a	35.4bcd	4.4c	16.7ab
陇藜1号	10.3ab	1.7ab	8.9abc	16.6ab	3.4bcd	11.6bc	23.8abc	3.8b	13.1bc	35.8abc	5.0bc	14.9bc
陇藜5号	8.9de	1.4bcd	9.2a	14.6cde	3.0cde	11.6bc	22.0cd	4.1ab	14.2ab	33.7cde	5.8ab	15.7abc
陇藜3号	8.1ef	1.2de	8.6abcd	14.2de	3.5abc	12.7ab	20.6de	4.5a	14.3ab	33.9cde	5.6ab	14.7c
陇藜4号	9.6bcd	1.5abc	8.3abcd	13.9e	3.6ab	12.4ab	22.8bcd	4.0ab	14.2ab	36.0abc	6.3a	16.7ab
条藜1号	9.9abc	1.5abc	8.4abcd	17.4ab	4.0a	12.9ab	25.9a	4.2ab	15.0a	39.2ab	5.8ab	17.1a
TL1(CK)	10.6a	1.8a	9.0ab	18.0a	4.0a	13.1a	25.0ab	3.9b	14.6ab	39.6a	5.7ab	17.2a

品种（系）	12月5日			12月10日			12月15日			12月20日
品种（系）	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数
ZK1	8.9de	0.8fg	7.9cd	13.8e	2.3fg	10.7cd	18.5ef	2.5cd	12.7c	31.2e	4.2c	15.6abc
ZK2	7.3f	0.6g	7.8d	11.5f	2.0g	10.0d	16.4f	2.7cd	12.7c	25.6f	4.2c	15.0bc
ZK5	10.0abc	1.3cd	8.0bcd	16.3abc	2.9de	11.7bc	21.6cd	3.0cd	12.2c	32.5cde	4.3c	14.4c
ZK7	9.1cd	1.0ef	8.3abcd	14.0de	2.2fg	11.8bc	21.4cd	3.2c	13.6abc	31.7de	4.2c	16.1abc
SC1	9.2cd	1.2de	9.0ab	15.7bcde	2.7ef	12.2ab	22.4bcd	3.2c	14.7a	35.4bcd	4.4c	16.7ab
陇藜1号	10.3ab	1.7ab	8.9abc	16.6ab	3.4bcd	11.6bc	23.8abc	3.8b	13.1bc	35.8abc	5.0bc	14.9bc
陇藜5号	8.9de	1.4bcd	9.2a	14.6cde	3.0cde	11.6bc	22.0cd	4.1ab	14.2ab	33.7cde	5.8ab	15.7abc
陇藜3号	8.1ef	1.2de	8.6abcd	14.2de	3.5abc	12.7ab	20.6de	4.5a	14.3ab	33.9cde	5.6ab	14.7c
陇藜4号	9.6bcd	1.5abc	8.3abcd	13.9e	3.6ab	12.4ab	22.8bcd	4.0ab	14.2ab	36.0abc	6.3a	16.7ab
条藜1号	9.9abc	1.5abc	8.4abcd	17.4ab	4.0a	12.9ab	25.9a	4.2ab	15.0a	39.2ab	5.8ab	17.1a
TL1(CK)	10.6a	1.8a	9.0ab	18.0a	4.0a	13.1a	25.0ab	3.9b	14.6ab	39.6a	5.7ab	17.2a

品种（系）	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数	叶片长/cm	叶片宽/cm	展开度/cm	最大节间长度/cm	单株鲜重/g
条藜1号	39.2A	5.8AB	17.1A	7.3ABC	5.7ABC	18.1ABC	6.6ABC	8.6A
陇藜4号	36.0AB	6.3A	16.7AB	7.4AB	6.2A	19.0AB	6.8 ABC	7.8A
陇藜3号	33.9B	5.6ABC	14.7AB	7.7A	6.3A	20.7A	6.5 ABC	6.6AB
陇藜5号	33.7B	5.8ABC	15.7AB	6.9ABCD	5.6ABC	18.5AB	7.2AB	6.3BC
陇藜1号	35.8AB	5.0ABC	14.9AB	6.3CDE	5.1BC	17.9ABC	6.6 ABC	6.4BC
TL1(CK)	39.6A	5.7ABC	17.2A	7.4AB	6.0AB	16.3BC	7.5AB	6.7AB
ZK7	31.7B	4.2C	16.1AB	6.5BCDE	5.6ABC	15.8BC	6.7ABC	6.8AB
ZK5	32.5B	4.3C	14.4B	6.2DE	5.0C	15.1BC	8.1A	6.2BC
SC1	35.4AB	4.4BC	16.7AB	6.1DE	5.1BC	14.2D	7.4AB	5.9CD
ZK1	31.2B	4.2C	15.6AB	5.9E	5.0C	14.8BC	6.2BC	5.8CD
ZK2	25.6C	4.2C	15.0AB	5.9E	5.0C	16.4BC	5.3C	5.5D

品种（系）	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数	叶片长/cm	叶片宽/cm	展开度/cm	最大节间长度/cm	单株鲜重/g
条藜1号	39.2A	5.8AB	17.1A	7.3ABC	5.7ABC	18.1ABC	6.6ABC	8.6A
陇藜4号	36.0AB	6.3A	16.7AB	7.4AB	6.2A	19.0AB	6.8 ABC	7.8A
陇藜3号	33.9B	5.6ABC	14.7AB	7.7A	6.3A	20.7A	6.5 ABC	6.6AB
陇藜5号	33.7B	5.8ABC	15.7AB	6.9ABCD	5.6ABC	18.5AB	7.2AB	6.3BC
陇藜1号	35.8AB	5.0ABC	14.9AB	6.3CDE	5.1BC	17.9ABC	6.6 ABC	6.4BC
TL1(CK)	39.6A	5.7ABC	17.2A	7.4AB	6.0AB	16.3BC	7.5AB	6.7AB
ZK7	31.7B	4.2C	16.1AB	6.5BCDE	5.6ABC	15.8BC	6.7ABC	6.8AB
ZK5	32.5B	4.3C	14.4B	6.2DE	5.0C	15.1BC	8.1A	6.2BC
SC1	35.4AB	4.4BC	16.7AB	6.1DE	5.1BC	14.2D	7.4AB	5.9CD
ZK1	31.2B	4.2C	15.6AB	5.9E	5.0C	14.8BC	6.2BC	5.8CD
ZK2	25.6C	4.2C	15.0AB	5.9E	5.0C	16.4BC	5.3C	5.5D

品种（系）	重复1	重复2	重复3	平均值	0.05水平差异显著性	0.01水平差异显著性
条藜1号	14.56	16.31	15.49	15.45	a	A
陇藜4号	15.58	15.32	14.41	15.10	a	A
陇藜3号	12.37	13.41	12.51	12.77	b	B
陇藜5号	13.26	11.52	11.49	12.09	b	B
TL1(CK)	10.61	12.81	11.90	11.78	b	BC
陇藜1号	11.87	12.71	10.48	11.69	b	BC
ZK7	10.13	10.75	8.88	9.92	c	CD
ZK5	9.48	9.24	10.80	9.84	cd	CD
SC1	9.44	9.04	9.13	9.20	cd	DE
ZK1	8.02	9.09	8.18	8.43	de	DE
ZK2	7.46	7.88	7.53	7.62	e	E