欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (31): 24-30.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1024

所属专题: 生物技术 烟草种植与生产 农业生态

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

喷施微肥对定位施肥烟株成熟期生理代谢的影响

王月敏1(), 柯玉琴2, 谢榕榕3, 李春英1, 李文卿1()   

  1. 1福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所,福州 350013
    2福建农林大学生命科学学院,福州 350002
    3福建农林大学资源与环境学院/国际镁营养研究所,福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-29 修回日期:2022-04-29 出版日期:2022-11-05 发布日期:2022-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 李文卿
  • 作者简介:王月敏,女,1993年出生,福建漳州人,硕士,研究方向为烤烟栽培。通信地址:350013 福建福州晋安区华林路378号 福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所,Tel:0591-87069060,E-mail: 932967195@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司科技项目“基于清甜蜜甜风格的翠碧一号特色优质烟叶关键生产技术研究与应用”(110201902002);福建省烟草专卖局项目“镁营养对福建烤烟生长和品质的影响研究”、“长期定位施肥对福建烤烟生产的影响”(2019350000240009);福建省烟草专卖局项目“镁营养对福建烤烟生长和品质的影响研究”、“长期定位施肥对福建烤烟生产的影响”(闽烟合同[2014]185号)

Effects of Spraying Microelement-fertilizer on Physiological Metabolism of Tobacco Plant at Mature Stage Under Localized Fertilization

WANG Yuemin1(), KE Yuqin2, XIE Rongrong3, LI Chunying1, LI Wenqing1()   

  1. 1Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Fuzhou 350013
    2College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
    3College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/ International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
  • Received:2021-10-29 Revised:2022-04-29 Online:2022-11-05 Published:2022-10-27
  • Contact: LI Wenqing

摘要:

为探究叶面喷施微肥对烟叶成熟的影响,提高烟叶适烤性,以‘翠碧一号’为试验材料,在连续10年纯化肥定位施肥烟田,于烟株打顶后10、20天时喷施不同中微量元素,测定其对烟叶生理代谢的影响。叶面喷施不同中微量元素后,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量均有较明显上升,叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度明显提高,荧光参数中FoFo/Fm显著下降,FmFvFv/FmFv/Fo显著上升;硝酸还原酶活性显著提升;细胞膜相对透性显著降低;过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶均能保持较高的活性,而丙二醛含量显著下降。表明在长期纯施化肥烟田的烤烟生长后期喷施中微量元素有利于提高细胞膜结构稳定性,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,维持光合结构的稳定性,减少叶绿体色素的降解,提高光能转化效率,减缓活性氧伤害。喷施微肥有利于提高烟叶光合作用能力,缓解烟株叶片伤害与衰老,提高上部烟叶的适烤性。

关键词: 烤烟, 中微量元素, 定位施肥, 生理代谢, 光合作用

Abstract:

To explore the effect of foliar application of microelement-fertilizer on the maturity of tobacco leaves and improve tobacco leaf quality, ‘CB-1’ was selected as the experimental material. After 10 years’ localized fertilization with pure chemical fertilizer in tobacco fields, the effects of different medium and trace elements on the physiological metabolism of tobacco leaves were determined by foliar application 10 days and 20 days after topping of tobacco plants. The results showed that after spraying different medium and trace elements on leaves, the total content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll increased significantly, the leaf photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance increased significantly, the fluorescence parameters Fo and Fo/Fm decreased significantly, and Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo increased significantly. Nitrate reductase activity increased significantly. The relative permeability of cell membrane decreased significantly. Both CAT and SOD maintained high activities, while MDA content decreased significantly. The results indicated that spraying medium and trace elements in the late growth stage of flue-cured tobacco in the field with long-term pure chemical fertilizer application was beneficial to improving the stability of cell membrane structure, reducing the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, maintaining the stability of photosynthetic structure, reducing the degradation of chloroplast pigments, improving the efficiency of light energy conversion, and slowing down the damage of reactive oxygen species. Spraying microelement-fertilizer is conducive to improving the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco leaves, alleviating the injury and aging of tobacco leaves, and improving the flue-curing adaptability of upper leaves.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, medium and trace elements, localized fertilization, physiological metabolism, photosynthesis

中图分类号: