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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (13): 18-26.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0452

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对不同类型糜子生长发育及产量和品质的影响

王湛(), 杨娇, 王勇(), 李凯, 罗世武, 杨军学, 王斐, 程炳文   

  1. 宁夏农林科学院固原分院，宁夏固原 756000
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-13 修回日期:2023-09-19 出版日期:2024-04-28 发布日期:2024-04-28
  • 通讯作者:
    王勇，男，1970年出生，宁夏彭阳人，高级农艺师，本科，研究方向：小杂粮水分和养分高效利用。通信地址：756000 宁夏固原市义务路200号 宁夏农林科学院固原分院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王湛，男，1990年出生，甘肃通渭人，博士，研究方向：小杂粮生理生态。通信地址：756000 宁夏固原市义务路200号 宁夏农林科学院固原分院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区优秀青年基金项目“不同地膜覆盖的宁夏谷田土壤氮素转化及微生物影响机理研究”(2022AAC05048); 固原市科技研发计划项目“谷子连作障碍的调控及环保施肥技术研究与示范”(2021GYKYF028); 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划“小杂粮有机旱作农业技术集成创新与示范”(2022BBF02002-03); 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划“渗水地膜旱作节水增效技术示范与推广”(2021BBF02021); 国家谷子高粱产业技术体系“土壤管理岗位”(CARS-06-14.5-A18); 宁夏农林科学院农业科技自主创新专项“雨养作物生态高效种植技术研发与示范”(NNKZZCGZH-2023-02); 国家重点研发计划项目“海原小杂粮肉牛产业提质增效关键技术集成与示范”(2022YFD1602503)

Effects of Sowing Date on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of Different Types of Proso Millet

WANG Zhan(), YANG Jiao, WANG Yong(), LI Kai, LUO Shiwu, YANG Junxue, WANG Fei, CHENG Bingwen   

  1. Guyuan Branch, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan, Ningxia 756000
  • Received:2023-06-13 Revised:2023-09-19 Published:2024-04-28 Online:2024-04-28

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摘要：

为揭示播期对西北旱区糜子生长发育及产量和品质的影响，以适宜西北旱区栽培的粳性和糯性糜子为研究对象，探究6个播期[4月20日(S1)、5月5日(S2)、5月20日(S3)、6月4日(S4)、6月19日(S5)、7月4日(S6)]下糜子的生长发育及产量和品质变化。结果表明，播期推迟，糜子的生育期也推迟，生育天数缩短，S1播期各品种糜子生育天数变化范围为125~139 d，S4处理生育期缩短至101~112 d，S6播期时仅81~88 d。糜子植株随播期推迟呈矮化生长，S4播期各品种糜子的株高比S3低10.63~16.70 cm(P<0.001)。糜子的穗长在S5播期下较长，穗重、单穗粒重、千粒重和产量达最大，且穗茎短。在S5播期，‘陇糜12号’、‘固糜21号’、‘榆糜2号’、‘冀黍2号’、‘赤黍8号’和‘晋黍9号’的产量比S3分别高18.0%、14.4%、15.1%、9.3%、8.0%和10.0%(P<0.05)，穗茎长比S3分别短13.1%、14.6%、15.1%、30.6%、15.3%和11.8%(P<0.05)。糜子籽粒品质受播期的影响显著，播期推迟，糜子品质得到改善，但过迟播种对糜子品质不利，S5播期处理所有糜子品种的淀粉和蛋白质均达最高，各品种分别比S3高12.1%~22.7%(P<0.05)和11.3%~20.5%(P<0.05)。综合考虑糜子生长、产量及品质等指标，本试验条件下，S5为西北旱区糜子生产的适宜播期。

关键词: 播期, 糜子, 生育期, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To reveal the effects of sowing period on the growth and development, yield and quality of proso millet in arid area of northwest China, we took non-waxy proso millet and waxy proso millet suitable for cultivation in arid areas of northwest China as the research objects, explored the growth and development, yield and quality changes of proso millet in the six sowing periods (S1: April 20, S2: May 5, S3: May 20, S4: June 4, S5: June 19, S6: July 4). The results showed that with the delayed sowing period, developmental phase of proso millet was delayed and the days of growth was shortened accordingly. The growth days of proso millet varieties in S1 ranged from 125-139 d, and that of S4 was shortened to 101-112 d, and that of S6 was only 81-88 d. Proso millet presented stunted growth with the delayed sowing period. In S4, the plant height of each kind of broomcorn millet was 10.63-16.70 cm (P<0.001) lower than that of S3. Under the S5, the spikes length of proso millet was longer, and the spikes weight, grain weight per spikes, thousand-grain weight and yield reached the top. In addition, the ear stem was shorter. In S5, the yield of ‘Longmi 12’, ‘Gumi 21’, ‘Yumi 2’, ‘Jishu 2’, ‘Chishu 8’and ‘Jinshu 9’ was 18.0%, 14.4%, 15.1%, 9.3%, 8.0% and 10.0% higher than that of S3, respectively (P<0.05), and the length of ear stem was 13.1%、14.6%、15.1%、30.6%、15.3% and 11.8% shorter than that of S3, respectively (P<0.05). Besides, the quality of proso millet kernels was also significantly affected by the sowing period. The delayed sowing date could improve the quality of the proso millet, but sowing too late was unfavorable to the quality of the proso millet. The starch and protein of all varieties treated with S5 were the highest, and the starch and protein of all cultivars were 12.1%-22.7% (P<0.05) and 11.3%-20.5% (P<0.05) higher than that of S3, respectively. Taking the growth, yield and quality of proso millet into consideration comprehensively, the sowing period of S5 is proper for proso millet production in the arid area of northwest China.

Key words: sowing period, proso millet, growth period, yield, quality