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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (21): 1-11.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0664

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

2013—2022年黄淮稻区国审水稻品种的特征特性分析

高国良(), 高发瑞, 张巧玲, 冯雯杰, 王秋云, 黄信诚()   

  1. 济宁市农业科学研究院,山东济宁 272031
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-15 修回日期:2024-01-15 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-07-11
  • 通讯作者:
    黄信诚,男,1969年出生,山东济宁人,研究员,本科,研究方向:水稻栽培育种。通信地址:272031 山东省济宁市济岱路9号 济宁市农业科学研究院,Tel:18660762660,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    高国良,男,1979年出生,山东济宁人,高级农艺师,硕士研究生,研究方向:水稻栽培育种。通信地址:272031 山东省济宁市济岱路9号 济宁市农业科学研究院,Tel:15166405854,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    山东省水稻产业技术体系“济宁综合试验站”建设项目(SDAIT-17-11)

Characteristics Analysis of Nationally Approved Rice Varieties in Huanghuai Rice Area from 2013 to 2022

GAO Guoliang(), GAO Farui, ZHANG Qiaoling, FENG Wenjie, WANG Qiuyun, HUANG Xincheng()   

  1. Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining, Shandong 272031
  • Received:2023-09-15 Revised:2024-01-15 Published:2024-07-25 Online:2024-07-11

摘要:

本研究旨在探讨黄淮稻区水稻新品种选育的发展趋势,本研究以近10年间(2013—2022年)黄淮稻区国审水稻品种为对象,分析了水稻品种的基本情况、特征特性和演变趋势。结果表明,黄淮稻区国审水稻品种数量先升后降,产量平均每年增加49.5 kg/hm2。有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重四个产量因素都随年份呈现增长,分别每年增加0.36万/hm2、1.03粒、0.12%、0.11g。粒数和千粒重对产量增长贡献较大,有效穗数与产量负相关。整精米率和直链淀粉含量表现相对较好,垩白度表现较差,胶稠度有下降趋势;穗颈瘟逐渐变重。黄淮稻区水稻品种选育应注重在适当穗数基础上追求大穗,靠理想株型增强光合性能确保结实率和千粒重。垩白度是限制黄淮稻区米质的主要指标,重视胶稠度选育;抗稻瘟病基因抗性正在减弱,需继续挖掘和引进抗源或抗病基因。

关键词: 水稻品种, 产量, 米质, 稻瘟病抗性, 黄淮稻区, 演变趋势, 米质特性

Abstract:

In order to explore the breeding direction of new rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region, this study focused on nationally approved rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region in the past 10 years (2013-2022), and analyzed the basic situation, characters, and change trends of rice varieties. The results showed that the number of nationally approved rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region first increased and then decreased. The average annual increment in yield was 49.5 kg/hm2. The four yield factors including effective panicles, grain numbers per panicle, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight all assumed an increase with each year, increasing by 3600/hm2, 1.03 grains, 0.12%, and 0.11g respectively. Grain numbers per panicle and 1000-grain weight contributed more to the yield growth, while the effective panicles were negatively correlated with yield. The head rice rate and amylose content were relatively ideal, while chalkiness degree was poor. Gel consistency showed a decreasing trend. The neck blast gradually became heavier. The breeding of rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region should focus on pursuing large panicles on the basis of appropriate number of panicles, and ensure seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight by enhancing photosynthetic characteristic through ideal plant type; chalkiness was the main indicator limiting the quality of rice in the Huanghuai rice region, and attention should be paid to the selection of gel consistency; the resistance of rice blast resistant genes was weakening, and it was necessary to continue exploring and introducing resistance sources or resistance genes.

Key words: rice varieties, yield, rice quality, blast resistance, Huanghuai rice region, evolutionary trend, rice quality characteristics