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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (24): 143-150.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0210

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

食用植物酵素发酵过程中主要成分与功能研究进展

陈雨欣(), 杨峰山, 付海燕, 宋新宇, 刘春光()   

  1. 黑龙江大学生命科学学院,农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室,黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室,哈尔滨 150080
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-28 修回日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-08-20
  • 通讯作者:
    刘春光,女,1982年出生,黑龙江哈尔滨人,高级实验师,博士,研究方向:植物源食品加工与安全。通信地址:150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号,Te1:0451-86608586,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    陈雨欣,女,2000年出生,黑龙江黑河人,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全。通信地址:150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号,Te1:0451-86608586,E-mai1:

  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务“氯氟吡啶酯在粘质沙雷氏菌作用下降解途径及环境安全评价”(2022-KYYWF-1079)

The Major Components and Functions of Edible Plant Enzymes in the Fermentation Process: A Review

CHEN Yuxin(), YANG Fengshan, FU Haiyan, SONG Xinyu, LIU Chunguang()   

  1. Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region·& Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
  • Received:2024-03-28 Revised:2024-05-15 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-08-20

摘要:

作为一种植物功能性食品,食用植物酵素在食品和保健品等领域受到广泛关注,相关的生产工艺在原料、发酵微生物和发酵条件方面取得了进展。通过开展综述,分析了食用植物酵素的研究现状,从食用植物酵素的主要发酵方式、主要活性成分、主要功能作用和面临的风险与挑战进行了梳理。食用植物酵素发酵一般采用自然发酵和人工接种发酵的发酵工艺。采用人工接种技术具有能有效缩减发酵所需时间、提高生产效率的显著优点。食用植物酵素的主要活性成份为多糖、多酚、维生素等,在降血脂、抗氧化、降低心血管疾病等方面具有一定的预防治疗效果。在食用植物酵素的制作过程中,人工接种发酵需要选对菌种、控制发酵条件、防止环境污染。分析结果表明,食用植物酵素的发展前景是十分可观的,提出了今后需要重点关注的方面,并对食用植物酵素的机制研究进行了展望,旨在为食用植物酵素的进一步研发和推广提供更有价值的参考。

关键词: 食用植物酵素, 发酵, 微生物, 活性成分, 功能

Abstract:

As a kind of plant functional food, edible plant enzymes have received wide attention in the fields of food and health products, and the related production processes have made progress in terms of raw materials, fermentation microorganisms and fermentation conditions. A review was conducted to analyze the current research status of edible plant enzymes. The main fermentation methods, main active ingredients, main functional roles, and the risks and challenges faced by edible plant enzymes were summarized. The fermentation of edible plant enzymes generally adopted natural fermentation and artificial inoculation fermentation. The use of artificial inoculation technology had the significant advantages of effectively reducing the time required for fermentation and improving the production efficiency. The main active ingredients of edible plant enzymes were polysaccharides, polyphenols, vitamins, etc., which had certain preventive and therapeutic effects in lowering blood lipids, antioxidant and cardiovascular diseases. In the production process of edible plant enzymes, artificial inoculation and fermentation required the selection of the right strain, control of fermentation conditions, and prevention of environmental pollution. The analysis results showed that the development prospect of edible plant enzymes was very promising. The aspects needed to be focused on in the futurewas proposed, and the mechanism of edible plant enzymes was made a prospective, aiming to provide a more valuable reference for the further research and development and promotion of edible plant enzymes.

Key words: edible plant enzymes, fermentation, microorganisms, active ingredients, function