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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (24): 9-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0105

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对不同穗型冬小麦生长及产量的影响

尹逊栋1(), 吕广德1, 亓晓蕾1, 陈永军1, 牟秋焕1, 孙盈盈1, 孙宪印1, 米勇1, 钱兆国1(), 崔兆韵2, 邹俊丽2   

  1. 1 泰安市农业科学院，山东泰安 271000
    2 泰安市农业气象试验站，山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-20 修回日期:2024-03-15 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-08-20
  • 通讯作者:
    钱兆国，男，1971年出生，山东泰安人，研究员，硕士，研究方向：小麦育种与栽培研究。通信地址：271000 山东省泰安市泰山区唐王街316号 泰安市农业科学院小麦所，Tel：0531-8503322，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    尹逊栋，男，1987年出生，山东泰安人，农艺师，硕士，研究方向：小麦遗传育种与栽培研究。通信地址：271000 山东省泰安市泰山区唐王街316号 泰安市农业科学院小麦所，Tel：0531-8503322，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家小麦现代农业产业技术体系“国家小麦现代农业产业技术体系泰安综合试验站”(CARS-03-61); 山东省现代农业产业技术体系“小麦产业创新团队建设岗位专家”(SDAIT-01-05)

Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat with Different Spike Types

YIN Xundong1(), LV Guangde1, QI Xiaolei1, CHEN Yongjun1, MOU Qiuhuan1, SUN Yingying1, SUN Xianyin1, MI Yong1, QIAN Zhaoguo1(), CUI Zhaoyun2, ZOU Junli2   

  1. 1 Tai'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271000
    2 Tai'an Agrometeorological Experiment Station, Tai'an, Shandong 271000
  • Received:2024-02-20 Revised:2024-03-15 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-08-20

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摘要：

为提高冬小麦产量，开展播期对不同穗型冬小麦生长及产量影响的研究。本研究以大穗型品种‘泰农18’、中穗型品种‘山农18’和多穗型品种‘红地95’为试验材料，设置9月30日、10月10日、10月20日、10月30日4个播期，对不同播期条件下的株高、叶面积指数、茎蘖数、产量及产量三要素进行测定。结果表明，随着播期推迟，‘泰农18’、‘山农18’、‘红地95’的株高呈下降趋势，叶面积指数、单位面积茎蘖数、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。产量在播期为10月10日时最高，分别为9.38 t/hm2、8.94 t/hm2、9.22 t/hm2，播期为10月30日时最低，分别为7.26 t/hm2、7.32 t/hm2、7.74 t/hm2，比最高处理分别下降22.6%、18.1%、16.1%。通过对3个品种产量和三要素之间的通径分析可知，播期主要影响大穗型品种‘泰农18’的穗粒数，中穗型品种‘山农18’的千粒重，多穗型品种‘红地95’的单位面积穗数。综合比较，3个品种的最适播期均为10月10日，晚播可造成株高、叶面积指数、茎蘖数下降，产量降低。

关键词: 冬小麦, 播期, 穗型, 株高, 群体性状, 产量, 通径分析

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of sowing dates on the growth and yield of winter wheat with different spike types, the large-spike cultivar ‘Tainong 18’, the medium-spike cultivar ‘Shannong 18’, and the multi-spike cultivar ‘Hongdi 95’ were used as experimental materials，September 30th, October 10th, October 20th and October 30th were set as sowing dates, the wheat plant height, leaf area index, spike number, yield and yield components were measured under different sowing dates. The results showed that with the delay of sowing date, the plant height of ‘Tainong 18’, ‘Shannong 18’, and ‘Hongdi 95’ showed a decreasing trend, while the leaf area index, the number of stem and tiller per unit area, spike number, grains per spike, thousand grain weight, and yield all showed an initial increase and then a decrease trend. The highest yield achieved at 9.38 t/hm2, 8.94 t/hm2, and 9.22 t/hm2 when the sowing date was October 10th, the lowest yield achieved at 7.26 t/hm2, 7.32 t/hm2, and 7.74 t/hm2 when the sowing date was October 30th. Compared to the highest yield, the lowest yield was decreased by 22.6%, 18.1%, and 16.1%. The path analysis of the yield and three yield components showed that the grains per spike of the large-spike cultivar ‘Tainong 18’, the thousand grain weight of the medium-spike cultivar ‘Shannong 18’, and the spike number of the multi-spike cultivar ‘Hongdi 95’ were affected by sowing date. Based on the above results, it could be concluded that the optimal sowing date for all three cultivars was October 10th, and late sowing could cause a decrease in plant height, leaf area index, the number of stem and tiller, and resulted in a decrease of yield.

Key words: winter wheat, sowing date, spike types, plant height, population characteristics, grain yield, path analysis