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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (16): 125-133.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0702

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

烤烟根腐病拮抗菌B10的分离鉴定及抑病促生功能验证

赵振宇1(), 王娅林1, 徐娥1, 张德顺1, 邓涛1, 耿艳华1, 凡善意1, 李蕊1, 朱兴党1, 张源欣1, 包广辉1, 陈芬1, 潘义宏2()   

  1. 1 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司，云南曲靖 655000
    2 昆明学院农学与生命科学学院，昆明 650214
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-18 修回日期:2025-04-20 出版日期:2025-06-05 发布日期:2025-06-05
  • 通讯作者:
    潘义宏，男，1983年出生，云南祥云人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事土壤学、作物学等相关研究。通信地址：650214 云南省昆明市昆明经济技术开发区浦新路2号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    赵振宇，男，1987年出生，云南曲靖人，助理农艺师，本科，主要从事烤烟生产技术研究。通信地址：655000 云南省曲靖市马龙区龙泉南路161号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司科技计划项目“宣威‘烤烟+N’适宜种植模式探索及配套控害培肥技术研究”(2024YNQJKJ05)

Isolation and Identification of Antagonistic Bacterium B10 from Root Rot Disease of Flue-cured Tobacco and Its Function of Inhibiting Disease and Promoting Growth

ZHAO Zhenyu1(), WANG Yalin1, XU E1, ZHANG Deshun1, DENG Tao1, GENG Yanhua1, FAN Shanyi1, LI Rui1, ZHU Xingdang1, ZHANG Yuanxin1, BAO Guanghui1, CHEN Fen1, PAN Yihong2()   

  1. 1 Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Qujing, Yunnan 655000
    2 College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kunming University, Kunming 650214
  • Received:2024-11-18 Revised:2025-04-20 Published:2025-06-05 Online:2025-06-05

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摘要：

本研究旨在筛选并获得高效拮抗烟草根腐病的生防菌株，为烤烟根腐病害的生物防治提供优质的种质资源。以典型根腐病发病烤烟为研究材料，采用组织分离法对根腐病病原菌进行分离与纯化，通过形态学和分子生物学方法确定致病菌类型，并从植烟土壤中筛选对致病菌拮抗效果较好的生防菌，通过分子生物学方法鉴定其种类，采用平板对峙、室内盆栽试验评价其对烟草根腐病的防治效果及对烟草生长指标的影响。从发病烟草根茎中分离纯化得到6种真菌，其中仅有L1菌株能够侵染烟草，且其发病症状与田间发病症状一致，具有强致病性，经分离鉴定该菌株为尖孢镰刀菌。采用平板对峙法筛选出6株功能菌，其中细菌B10对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌率最高，达57.66%，经鉴定该细菌为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)B10。盆栽试验结果显示，B10菌株能够有效降低烟草根腐病发病率，防效达63.63%，高于化学药剂多菌灵的防治效果(27.27%)。同时，B10菌株对烟草具有促生作用，与CK相比，显著提高了烟株最大根长、株高、茎基直径、地上部鲜重和根鲜重，提高率在17.32%~37.67%之间。综上所述，本研究筛选获得的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌B10能够有效抑制尖孢镰刀菌，降低烟草根腐病的发病率及病情指数，且对烟株具有显著促生作用，具有较好的生防潜力。

关键词: 烤烟, 根腐病, 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌, 拮抗菌, 生物防治, 促生效果, 抑病效果

Abstract:

The study aims to screen and obtain highly efficient biocontrol strains against tobacco root rot disease, providing germplasm resources for the biological control of tobacco root rot disease. Root rot fungi from diseased tobacco was isolated and purified by tissue separation method. The types of pathogenic bacteria were determined by morphological and molecular biological methods, and the biocontrol bacteria with good antagonistic effect against pathogenic bacteria were screened from tobacco planting soil, and their species were identified by molecular biological methods. The effect on tobacco root rot disease control and tobacco growth index was evaluated by plate confrontation and indoor pot test. The results showed that among the 6 fungi isolated and purified from diseased tobacco roots, only strain L1 could infect tobacco, exhibiting symptoms consistent with field infections and strong pathogenicity. It was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. 6 functional strains were screened via the plate confrontation method, among which bacterial strain B10 showed the highest inhibition rate (57.66%) against F. oxysporum and was identified as Bacillus velezensis B10. Pot experiments demonstrated that B10 effectively reduced the incidence of tobacco root rot, achieving a control efficacy of 63.63%, outperforming the chemical agent carbendazim (27.27%). Additionally, strain B10 promoted tobacco growth: compared to the control (CK), it significantly increased maximum root length, plant height, stem base diameter, aboveground fresh weight, and root fresh weight by 17.32%-37.67%. The B. velezensis B10 strain screened in this study effectively inhibits F. oxysporum, reduces the incidence and severity of tobacco root rot, and significantly promotes tobacco growth, demonstrating promising biocontrol potential.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, root rot disease, Bacillus velezensis, antagonistic bacteria, biological control, promoting effect, disease suppression effect