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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 7-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0463

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥减量与有机肥配施对玉米干物质积累及产量的调控机理

陈海龙1(), 陈朝辉2(), 魏廷邦3   

  1. 1 张掖市甘州区农畜产品质量检测服务中心,甘肃张掖 734000
    2 兰州新区现代农业投资集团有限公司,兰州 730314
    3 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威 733006
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-07 修回日期:2024-10-21 出版日期:2025-01-13 发布日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者:
    陈朝辉,男,1992年出生,甘肃灵台人,农艺师,本科,主要从事设施作物和干旱区作物栽培研究与推广工作。通信地址:730314 甘肃省兰州市皋兰县中川镇碧桂园新城之光7幢1单元2202室,Tel:0931-5117976,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    陈海龙,男,1985年出生,甘肃张掖人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事旱地作物栽培研究与推广工作。通信地址:734000 甘肃省张掖市滨河新区甘州区农业农村局,Tel:0936-8212469,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然科学基金项目“水肥耦合对盐碱地向日葵生理特性和根区养分的调控机理”(23JRRH0014)

Regulation Mechanism of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize

CHEN Hailong1(), CHEN Zhaohui2(), WEI Tingbang3   

  1. 1 Ganzhou District Agricultural and Livestock Product Quality Testing Service Center, Zhangye, Gansu 734000
    2 Agricultural Investment Company in Lanzhou New Area, Lanzhou 730314
    3 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Wuwei, Gansu 733006
  • Received:2024-07-07 Revised:2024-10-21 Published:2025-01-13 Online:2025-01-13

摘要:

为探究氮肥和有机肥配施对玉米生育期光合速率、干物质积累量、氮肥利用率和产量的影响。本研究以‘沃玉3号’为研究对象,于2022—2023年在河西绿洲开展田间试验,采用裂区设计,以氮肥施用量[不施氮(N0,CK)、传统施氮(N1,360 kg/hm2)、减量15%施氮(N2,306 kg/hm2)、减量30%施氮(N3,252 kg/hm2)]为主区,以有机肥施用量[O1 (3500.00 kg/hm2)、O2 (3000.00 kg/hm2)、O3 (2500.00 kg/hm2)]为裂区,测定玉米生育期内的光合速率、叶绿素含量、干物质积累量、氮肥利用率和产量等指标。结果表明:在相同氮肥用量下,N2O2处理玉米生育期的光合速率较N2O1、N2O3处理提高17.91%、10.59%;N2O2处理玉米生育期的蒸腾速率较N2O1、N2O3处理提高19.13%、18.46%;N2O2处理玉米生育期的气孔导度较N2O1、N2O3处理提高20.13%、26.62%;N2O2处理玉米生育期的叶绿素含量较N2O1、N2O3处理提高18.73%、9.77%;N2O2处理玉米生育期的Vmax较N2O1、N2O3处理提高13.79%、17.84%;N2O2处理玉米生育期的生物产量较N2O1、N2O3处理提高7.14%、6.78%;N2O2处理玉米的籽粒产量较N2O1、N2O3处理提高18.77%、20.14%;N2O2处理玉米生育期的氮肥利用率较N2O1、N2O3处理提高15.68%、8.02%。综合表明,在资源短缺的河西绿洲灌区,氮肥减量15% (306 kg/hm2,N2)与有机肥(3000.00 kg/hm2,O2)配施可替代部分氮肥,具有较高的养分供给潜力,玉米稳产效果最好。

关键词: 氮肥减量, 有机肥, 玉米, 干物质积累特征, 产量, 光合速率, 河西绿洲

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer combination on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of maize during the growth period. In this research, the cultivar ‘Woyu No.3’ was applied as research material. A split plot field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area of Gansu Province. Four nitrogen fertilizer applications, i.e. without N application (N0, CK), traditional N fertilizer application (N1), 15% N fertilizer reduction (N2) and 30% N fertilizer reduction (N3), were set as the main plot, and three organic fertilizer applications, namely 3.5×103 (O1), 3.0×103 (O2) and 2.5×103 (O3) kg/hm2, were used as the split plot. Photosynthetic, chlorophyll relative content, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and yield were determined. The result showed that, under the level of same nitrogen application in growth stages of maize, compared with the N2O1 and N2O3 treatments, the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance under the N2O2 treatments were increased by 17.91%, 10.59% and 19.13%, 18.46% and 20.13%, 26.62%. Compared with the N2O1 and N2O3 treatments, the chlorophyll value and Vmax and biological yield under the N2O2 treatments were increased by 18.73%, 9.77% and 13.79%, 17.84% and 7.14%, 6.78%. Compared with the N2O1 and N2O3 treatments, the grain yields and nitrogen use efficiency under the N2O2 treatments were increased by 18.77%, 20.14% and 15.68%, 8.02%. In summary, in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area with resource shortage, the reduction of N fertilizer by 15 % (306 kg/hm2, N2) combined with organic fertilizer (3000.00 kg/hm2, O2) could replace part of N fertilizer, which had high nutrient supply potential and the best effect on maize yield stability.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer reduction, organic fertilizer, maize, dry matter accumulation, yield, photosynthetic rate, Hexi Oasis