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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (20): 113-120.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0708

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

江汉平原典型农业湿地温室气体排放特征

叶佩1(), 卢建新2, 王斌3(), 朱波4, 陈思成5   

  1. 1 荆州农业气象试验站，湖北荆州 434025
    2 荆州市农业技术推广中心，湖北荆州 434020
    3 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，北京 100081
    4 长江大学农学院，湖北荆州 434025
    5 徐州工业职业技术学院，江苏徐州 221140
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-25 修回日期:2025-04-24 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-07-21
  • 通讯作者:
    王斌，男，1989年出生，湖南娄底人，研究员，博士研究生，研究方向：气候变化与农业减排增汇。通信地址：100081 北京市海淀区中关村南大街12号，Tel：010-18710035611，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    叶佩，女，1994年出生，湖北武汉人，工程师，硕士研究生，研究方向：农业气象与气候变化。通信地址：434000 湖北省荆州市荆州区九阳大道20号，Tel：0716-15927820104，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖北省气象局科技发展基金项目“典型农业湿地温室气体排放规律研究”(2022Q19); 荆州市气象局重点科技发展基金项目“湖北省春季小龙虾投苗期低温冷害风险评估”(JZ202406); 湖北省自然科学基金气象联合基金项目“高温干旱复合胁迫对湖北省中稻的影响评估”(2022CFD126)

Characteristics of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Typical Agricultural Wetlands in Jianghan Plain

YE Pei1(), LU Jianxin2, WANG Bin3(), ZHU Bo4, CHEN Sicheng5   

  1. 1 Jingzhou Agro-meteorology Experimental Station, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025
    2 Jingzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020
    3 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    4 College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025
    5 Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221140
  • Received:2024-11-25 Revised:2025-04-24 Published:2025-07-15 Online:2025-07-21

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摘要： 为探究江汉平原稻田种养和水产养殖等典型农业湿地温室气体排放强度，于2021年7月—2022年11月在江汉平原湖北荆州农试站，采用静态暗箱/漂浮箱-气相色谱法，开展了常规中稻、虾稻、虾沟、养殖鱼塘等农业湿地温室气体排放监测试验，研究不同农业湿地下CH4和N2O排放特征和综合温室效应。结果表明：虾稻田CH4和N2O排放通量显著高于虾沟、养殖鱼塘，其中稻田CH4排放主要集中在水稻前期淹水阶段；虾沟和养殖鱼塘CH4排放主要出现春夏高密度养殖期，排放峰值最高为虾稻(85.7 μg/(m2·h))，较其他农业湿地高1.4~9.8倍；N2O排放峰值主要出现于稻田分蘖晒田、施肥期以及鱼虾投放前的干塘、清淤、晒塘期，排放峰值最高为常规中稻田(285.3 μg/(m2·h))，较其他农业湿地高0.9~21.2倍。CH4累积排放大小依次为虾稻、养殖鱼塘、常规中稻、虾沟；N2O累积排放大小依次为常规中稻、虾稻、养殖鱼塘、虾沟；综合温室效应大小依次为虾稻、养殖鱼塘、常规中稻、虾沟。研究发现，虾稻田和养殖鱼塘为主要农业湿地温室气体排放源，减少虾稻田和养殖鱼塘温室气体排放是实现农业减排的关键。虾稻田浅水养殖，建议减少淹水时长，抑制产甲烷菌活性，配合缓释肥与有机无机配施技术，抑制晒田期N2O生成；鱼塘强化沉积物管理，动态调整饲料投放，结合微孔增氧设备改善水体氧化还原状态，减少残饵沉积导致的综合温室效应。研究旨在为准确评估稻田种养、水产养殖增汇减排与绿色低碳发展提供技术参考。

关键词: 江汉平原, 农业湿地, 温室气体, 综合温室效应

Abstract:

This study employed the static dark chamber/floating chamber-gas chromatography method to monitor greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural wetlands, including conventional mid-season rice fields, rice-crayfish paddies, crayfish ditches, and aquaculture ponds in the Jianghan Plain from July, 2021 to Nov, 2022 at Jingzhou Agro-meteorology Experimental Station of Hubei. By examining CH4 and N2O emission characteristics and their overall greenhouse effect across different agricultural wetlands, this study provides technical references for accurately assessing carbon sequestration and emission reductions in rice-farming ecosystems, contributing to green and low-carbon development. The results showed that CH4 and N2O emission fluxes in rice-crayfish paddies were significantly higher than in aquaculture ponds and crayfish ditches, with CH4 emissions in rice fields mainly concentrated during the early flooded stages of rice growth. In crayfish ditches and aquaculture ponds, CH4 emissions primarily occurred during the high-density breeding periods in spring and summer, with the highest peak emissions recorded in rice-crayfish paddies (85.7 μg/(m2·h)), which were 1.4-9.8 times higher than other agricultural wetlands. The peak N2O emissions were observed during the tillering and drying stages of rice fields, as well as during the pre-stocking dry pond, dredging, and sun-drying stages in aquaculture ponds, with the highest peak in conventional mid-season rice fields (285.3 μg/(m2·h)), which was 0.9-21.2 times higher than other agricultural wetlands. Cumulative CH4 emissions ranked in the following order: rice-crayfish paddies, aquaculture ponds, conventional mid-season rice fields, and crayfish ditches. Cumulative N2O emissions were highest in conventional mid-season rice fields, followed by rice-crayfish paddies, aquaculture ponds, and crayfish ditches. The overall greenhouse effect followed this ranking: rice-crayfish paddies, aquaculture ponds, conventional mid-season rice fields, and crayfish ditches. Rice-crayfish paddies and aquaculture ponds were identified as major sources of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural wetlands. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from these areas is the key to achieving agricultural emission reductions. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt shallow-water aquaculture in rice-crayfish paddies to shorten the flooding duration, reduce methane production by inhibiting methanogenic bacteria, and apply slow-release fertilizers and integrated organic-inorganic fertilization techniques to suppress N2O generation during the sun-drying period. For aquaculture ponds, improving sediment management, dynamically adjusting feed input, and using microporous oxygenation devices to enhance the redox status of the water body can reduce the overall greenhouse effect caused by sedimentation of residual feed.

Key words: Jianghan Plain, agricultural wetland, greenhouse gas, comprehensive greenhouse effect