新型复合改良剂对土默川盐碱耕地性质及玉米产量影响研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0573

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 85-95.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0573

• 盐碱地多样化生态化特色化综合利用 • 上一篇下一篇

新型复合改良剂对土默川盐碱耕地性质及玉米产量影响研究

孔令羽(), 吴则蒽, 孟云杉, 胡树文()

中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193

收稿日期:2025-07-05 修回日期:2025-07-23 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-05
通讯作者:
胡树文，男，1969年出生，山东金乡人，教授，博士，主要从事土壤改良与修复研究。通信地址：100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号中国农业大学资源与环境学院，Tel：010-62734468，E-mail：shuwenhu@cau.edu.cn。
作者简介:
孔令羽，男，2002年出生，山东宁阳人，硕士在读，研究方向：盐碱土壤生态修复。通信地址：100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号，中国农业大学资源与环境学院，E-mail：kly3061115452@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“黑土地调酸/控碱新型调理剂研发与应用”(2023YFD1500503); 双一流科研项目“黄河灌区盐碱地综合治理技术研究与应用”(2025AC037); 中国融通农业发展集团有限公司咨询项目“盐碱地的改良与综合利用项目（研发滴灌水溶性改良剂，研究新型滴灌型的盐碱地改良方法）”(202405310310209)

Research on Effect of New Compound Modifier on Properties of Saline-alkali Farmland and Maize Yeld in Tumochuan

KONG Lingyu(), WU Ze'en, MENG Yunshan, HU Shuwen()

College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193

Received:2025-07-05 Revised:2025-07-23 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 内蒙古土默川灌区盐碱耕地面临土壤结构退化和作物生长受限的严重问题。本研究旨在揭示一种新型复合改良剂提升青贮玉米产量的作用机制，为半干旱区盐碱地生态改良提供理论依据。通过大田试验，设置对照处理(CK)、单一颗粒改良剂处理(T1)和复合改良剂处理（颗粒+滴灌型改良剂，T2）。实验系统测定了0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层的土壤pH、电导率(EC)、饱和导水率(Ks)等关键理化性质，并结合X射线CT扫描技术量化了土壤孔隙度等核心孔隙结构参数，同时动态监测了青贮玉米产量。结果表明：复合改良剂(T2)处理显著优于其他处理。改善耕层结构方面，在0~20 cm土层，团聚体平均重量直径较CK提高75.6%，Ks提升99.7%，孔隙度、孔隙当量体积及表征连通性的欧拉数分别提高16.7%、17.4%、28.6%；有效缓解盐碱胁迫并提升肥力方面，在玉米生育期内，0~60 cm土壤pH平均降低6.5个单位，EC降低67.19%，土壤有机碳含量提升4.97%；大幅提升玉米产量方面，成熟期青贮玉米鲜重达57585.82 kg/hm²，较CK增产120.99%，且显著优于T1处理。本研究证实，新型复合改良剂通过协同优化土壤孔隙结构、降低土壤碱度和盐分等多重途径，能够有效改良盐碱耕地并显著提升青贮玉米产量，在土默川灌区盐碱地生态修复中具有良好的应用潜力。

关键词: 盐碱土, 土壤改良剂, 土壤理化性质, 土壤孔隙结构, 作物产量

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of soil structure degradation and crop growth limitation in saline-alkali farmland in Tumochuan irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, this study explored the mechanism of new compound modifier to improve the yield of silage maize, and provided theoretical basis for ecological improvement of saline-alkali land in semi-arid area. A field experiment was conducted with three treatments: control (CK), single granular amendment (T1), and compound amendment (granular + drip-irrigation amendment, T2). We measured the soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and other physical and chemical properties in 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers. Combined with X-ray CT scanning technology, the key pore structure parameters such as soil porosity were quantified, and the yield dynamics of silage maize were monitored simultaneously. The results showed that the compound amendment (T2) treatment significantly improved the cultivated layer structure. Compared with CK, the average weight diameter of 0-20 cm aggregates increased by 75.6%, Ks increased by 99.7%, porosity, pore equivalent volume and Euler number increased by 16.7%, 17.4% and 28.6%, respectively. T2 treatment effectively alleviated saline-alkali stress while enhancing soil nutrient content. During the maize growth period, the average pH across the 0-60 cm soil profile decreased by 6.5%, EC decreased by 67.19%, and soil organic carbon content increased by 4.97%. Ultimately, maize yield under T2 increased significantly, with the fresh weight of silage maize at maturity reaching 57585.82 kg/hm², representing a 120.99% increase over CK and a significant improvement compared to T1. The new compound amendment effectively improves saline-alkali farmland and significantly enhances silage maize yield by synergistically optimizing soil pore structure, reducing soil alkalinity and salinity, which verified its good applicability in the ecological restoration of saline-alkali land in Tumochuan irrigation area.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, soil amendment, soil physical and chemical properties, soil pore structure, crop yield

孔令羽, 吴则蒽, 孟云杉, 胡树文. 新型复合改良剂对土默川盐碱耕地性质及玉米产量影响研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(21): 85-95.

KONG Lingyu, WU Ze'en, MENG Yunshan, HU Shuwen. Research on Effect of New Compound Modifier on Properties of Saline-alkali Farmland and Maize Yeld in Tumochuan[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(21): 85-95.

图/表 16

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处理	颗粒型改良剂	滴灌型改良剂	缓释掺混肥料	尿素	硫酸钾
CK	0	0	600	300	150
T1	1200	0	600	300	150
T2	1200	225	600	300	150

处理	颗粒型改良剂	滴灌型改良剂	缓释掺混肥料	尿素	硫酸钾
CK	0	0	600	300	150
T1	1200	0	600	300	150
T2	1200	225	600	300	150

土层深度/cm	处理	pH	电导率(EC)/(mS/cm)	全氮(TN)/(g/kg)	全磷(TP)/(g/kg)	全钾(TK)/(g/kg)	有机碳(SOC)/(g/kg)
0~20	CK	8.89±0.02^a	3.46±0.10^a	0.91±0.01^a	0.72±0.02^a	22.63±0.49^a	7.00±0.05^c
	T1	8.45±0.02^b	1.20±0.12^b	0.73±0.01^b	0.72±0.01^a	20.94±0.47^b	7.22±0.12^b
	T2	8.25±0.04^c	0.93±0.07^c	0.70±0.05^b	0.71±0.01^a	20.92±0.07^b	7.45±0.07^a
20~40	CK	8.99±0.02^a	3.27±0.04^a	0.79±0.05^a	0.68±0.03^a	21.63±0.49^a	6.82±0.08^b
	T1	8.46±0.03^b	1.35±0.04^b	0.77±0.03^a	0.69±0.02^a	21.67±0.38^a	7.09±0.06^a
	T2	8.35±0.05^c	1.16±0.04^b	0.77±0.05^a	0.69±0.04^a	21.25±0.46^a	7.20±0.05^a
40~60	CK	9.00±0.03^a	3.41±0.05^a	0.78±0.04^a	0.61±0.04^a	19.23±0.51^a	6.85±0.08^b
	T1	8.47±0.04^b	1.38±0.05^b	0.75±0.06^a	0.64±0.03^a	20.03±0.32^a	6.95±0.06^ab
	T2	8.38±0.02^c	1.23±0.04^c	0.82±0.06^a	0.63±0.02^a	19.79±0.22^a	7.07±0.13^a

土层深度/cm	处理	pH	电导率(EC)/(mS/cm)	全氮(TN)/(g/kg)	全磷(TP)/(g/kg)	全钾(TK)/(g/kg)	有机碳(SOC)/(g/kg)
0~20	CK	8.89±0.02^a	3.46±0.10^a	0.91±0.01^a	0.72±0.02^a	22.63±0.49^a	7.00±0.05^c
	T1	8.45±0.02^b	1.20±0.12^b	0.73±0.01^b	0.72±0.01^a	20.94±0.47^b	7.22±0.12^b
	T2	8.25±0.04^c	0.93±0.07^c	0.70±0.05^b	0.71±0.01^a	20.92±0.07^b	7.45±0.07^a
20~40	CK	8.99±0.02^a	3.27±0.04^a	0.79±0.05^a	0.68±0.03^a	21.63±0.49^a	6.82±0.08^b
	T1	8.46±0.03^b	1.35±0.04^b	0.77±0.03^a	0.69±0.02^a	21.67±0.38^a	7.09±0.06^a
	T2	8.35±0.05^c	1.16±0.04^b	0.77±0.05^a	0.69±0.04^a	21.25±0.46^a	7.20±0.05^a
40~60	CK	9.00±0.03^a	3.41±0.05^a	0.78±0.04^a	0.61±0.04^a	19.23±0.51^a	6.85±0.08^b
	T1	8.47±0.04^b	1.38±0.05^b	0.75±0.06^a	0.64±0.03^a	20.03±0.32^a	6.95±0.06^ab
	T2	8.38±0.02^c	1.23±0.04^c	0.82±0.06^a	0.63±0.02^a	19.79±0.22^a	7.07±0.13^a

处理	苗期	拔节期	抽雄期	灌浆期	成熟期
CK	24.30±2.03^a	74.56±5.88^b	158.34±12.56^b	209.80±20.155^b	212.90±18.24^b
T1	24.60±1.86^a	86.53±4.12^ab	189.32±11.25^a	251.30±16.75^a	256.50±14.53^a
T2	26.70±3.01^a	96.78±6.12^a	212.35±14.36^a	271.60±24.54^a	275.4±21.79^a

新型复合改良剂对土默川盐碱耕地性质及玉米产量影响研究

Research on Effect of New Compound Modifier on Properties of Saline-alkali Farmland and Maize Yeld in Tumochuan

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处理	苗期	拔节期	抽雄期	灌浆期	成熟期
CK	3.58±0.16^a	18.32±1.57^c	23.89±1.83^c	27.13±2.15^b	28.56±1.54^c
T1	3.49±0.18^a	21.56±0.43^b	27.34±0.69^b	30.92±2.11^ab	31.61±0.85^b
T2	3.60±0.14^a	24.38±2.01^a	30.86±1.12^a	34.07±3.12^a	34.57±1.35^a

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