德新肉用细毛羊肌肉生长相关基因挖掘

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0502

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过RNA-Seq技术筛选不同年龄阶段德新肉用细毛羊肌肉生长相关的候选基因，初步揭示德新肉用细毛羊背肌肉差异形成的分子机制，为其肌肉生长研究提供理论依据。以相同饲养条件下的3月龄、6月龄、12月龄德新肉用细毛羊公羊为研究对象，对德新肉用细毛羊背屠宰性能进行分析比较，通过转录组测序对德新肉用细毛羊背最长肌进行分析比较，采用Illumina NovaSeq平台进行mRNA转录组测序和分析，发掘对肌肉生长有影响的相关候选基因。利用RNA-Seq技术测序，3个年龄阶段共筛选出2468个差异表达基因，其中有30个DEGs在3组中都有表达，而分别在3组中特异性表达的DEGs分别为468、458个、544个。对差异基因进行GO功能注释分析结果显示，其显著富集在2997个GO条目(P<0.05)；在KEGG富集分析表明DEGs富集在93条通路中，与生长发育有关的通路有、JAK-STAT信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路、细胞因子-细胞因子受体信号传导、FoxO信号通路等通路。进一步筛选出IGF2和MYL4基因。研究获得的IGF2和MYL4候选基因为肌肉生长发育提供更多参考资料，从而为后续德新肉用细毛羊肌肉生长的研究提供理论依据。

关键词: 德新肉用细毛羊, 候选基因, 肌肉组织, 转录组, 功能分析

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to screen candidate genes associated with muscle growth in Dexin mutton type fine-wool sheep at different developmental stages using RNA-Seq technology, preliminarily elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying differential development of the longissimus dorsi muscle, and provide a theoretical foundation for muscle growth research in this breed. Male Dexin mutton type fine-wool sheep at 3, 6, and 12 months of age, raised under identical conditions, were utilized as research subjects. Carcass traits of the longissimus dorsi muscle were analyzed and compared. Transcriptomic sequencing was performed on the longissimus dorsi muscle using the Illumina NovaSeq platform for mRNA sequencing and analysis to identify candidate genes influencing muscle growth. RNA-Seq analysis identified 2468 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across the three age groups. Among these, 30 DEGs were commonly expressed in all three groups, while 468, 458, and 544 DEGs were specifically expressed in the 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month groups, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in 2997 GO terms (P<0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis demonstrated DEG involvement in 93 pathways, including growth-related pathways such as: JAK-STAT signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and FoxO signaling pathway. Subsequent screening prioritized two key candidate genes (IGF2 and MYL4). The candidate genes IGF2 and MYL4 provide critical molecular insights into muscle growth and development, establishing a theoretical basis for subsequent research on muscle regulation in Dexin mutton type fine-wool sheep.

Key words: Dexin mutton type fine-wool sheep, candidate genes, muscle tissue, transcriptome, functional analysis

刘建新, 郑文新, 吕雪峰, 邢巍婷, 全凯丽. 德新肉用细毛羊肌肉生长相关基因挖掘[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(21): 76-84.

LIU Jianxin, ZHENG Wenxin, LV Xuefeng, XING Weiting, QUAN Kaili. Mining of Muscle Growth-Related Genes in Dexin Mutton Type Fine-wool Sheep[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(21): 76-84.

图/表 9

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月龄	3月龄	6月龄	12月龄
屠宰率/%	42.98±2.29^b	48.10±1.36^a	50.49±0.94^a
胴体重/kg	7.28±0.66^c	23.12±2.02^b	32.52±1.72^a
胴体净肉率/%	28.67±2.84^c	72.38±4.14^b	78.40±1.31^a

月龄	3月龄	6月龄	12月龄
屠宰率/%	42.98±2.29^b	48.10±1.36^a	50.49±0.94^a
胴体重/kg	7.28±0.66^c	23.12±2.02^b	32.52±1.72^a
胴体净肉率/%	28.67±2.84^c	72.38±4.14^b	78.40±1.31^a

#SampleID	ReadSum	BaseSum	GC/%	N/%	Q20/%	Q30/%
S-1	21522791	6423612687	51.56	0.1	97.17	92.44
S-2	19922890	5914553752	49.1	0.09	97.54	93.28
S-3	20883349	6210888604	50.51	0.09	97.45	93.08
T-1	19355291	5772735359	50.33	0.08	97.02	91.97
T-2	20010595	5969067479	49.07	0.08	97.25	92.59
T-3	20251115	6043359808	52.19	0.09	96.87	91.64
Z-1	19501620	5821519514	49.85	0.08	96.98	91.83
Z-2	20575569	6126749294	51.28	0.09	97.48	93.01
Z-3	19864887	5924471919	49.65	0.09	97.16	92.42

#SampleID	ReadSum	BaseSum	GC/%	N/%	Q20/%	Q30/%
S-1	21522791	6423612687	51.56	0.1	97.17	92.44
S-2	19922890	5914553752	49.1	0.09	97.54	93.28
S-3	20883349	6210888604	50.51	0.09	97.45	93.08
T-1	19355291	5772735359	50.33	0.08	97.02	91.97
T-2	20010595	5969067479	49.07	0.08	97.25	92.59
T-3	20251115	6043359808	52.19	0.09	96.87	91.64
Z-1	19501620	5821519514	49.85	0.08	96.98	91.83
Z-2	20575569	6126749294	51.28	0.09	97.48	93.01
Z-3	19864887	5924471919	49.65	0.09	97.16	92.42

样本	Total Reads	Mapped Reads	Uniq Mapped Reads	Multiple Map Reads	Reads Map to '+'	Reads Map to '-'
T-1	40021190	36526530 (91.27%)	30877396 (77.15%)	564913414.12%	22757591 (56.86%)	22888219 (57.19%)
T-2	42175930	38524269 (91.34%)	33560896 (79.57%)	496337311.77%	23297621 (55.24%)	23421707 (55.53%)
T-3	42951092	38773820 (90.27%)	33515323 (78.03%)	525849712.24%	23732452 (55.25%)	23836073 (55.50%)
S-1	43045582	39063923 (90.75%)	35013102 (81.34%)	405082110.41%	22895322 (54.19%)	23022263 (54.48%)
S-2	39845780	36714033 (92.14%)	30090697 (75.52%)	662333616.62%	24122523 (60.54%)	24236999 (60.83%)
S-3	41766698	38405549 (91.95%)	32507926 (77.83%)	589762314.12%	24756285 (59.27%)	24778836 (59.33%)
Z-1	39003240	35523407 (91.08%)	31235744 (80.08%)	428766310.99%	21242561 (54.46%)	21321308 (54.67%)
Z-2	41151138	37530004 (91.20%)	32950892 (80.07%)	457911211.13%	22679395 (55.11%)	22745704 (55.27%)
Z-3	39323350	35700138 (90.79%)	30870468 (78.50%)	4829670-12.28%	22322775 (56.77%)	22339503 (56.81%)