植物生长调节剂对‘京白梨’果形的调控作用

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0213

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

‘京白梨’的典型果实形状为扁圆形，然而，授粉树配置不合理以及栽培管理方面的问题，常导致其果实外观质量降低。为提高果实的商品属性，本研究探究植物生长调节剂对‘京白梨’果实形状的调控效应。在剖析‘京白梨’果实生长规律的基础上，设置不同的植物生长调节剂（赤霉素、细胞分裂素、油菜素内酯）组合以及不同的处理时期（果实发育早期和后期），系统评估这些因素对果实生长发育和品质的影响。研究结果显示，单果重与果实纵径、横径均呈现出显著的正相关关系。果实纵径的快速生长期出现在盛花后34~74 d，而横径的快速生长期则在盛花后74~94 d。在果实发育早期喷施赤霉素或细胞分裂素，均能够延长果实纵径的快速生长期，但是喷施油菜素内酯并不会改变果实横纵径的发育模式以及果形指数。在果实发育后期喷施生长调节剂，对果实横纵径的生长模式和果形指数均无显著影响。在2个处理时期喷施生长调节剂均能够降低果实偏斜指数，其中以赤霉素和细胞分裂素组合处理的效果最为理想。综上所述，在果实发育早期喷施植物生长调节剂，尤其是赤霉素与细胞分裂素的组合，更有助于‘京白梨’果形的校正。

关键词: ‘京白梨’, 果实生长曲线, 果形指数, 植物生长调节剂, 果形调控, 赤霉素, 细胞分裂素

Abstract:

The typical shape of ‘Jingbaili’ pear is oblate, but improper pollinizer configuration and cultivation management often lead to deterioration of its fruit appearance quality. To enhance fruit marketability, this study investigated the regulation of fruit shape in ‘Jingbaili’ pear using plant growth regulators (PGRs). Based on an analysis of fruit growth patterns, different PGRs combinations (gibberellin, cytokinin, brassinosteroid, and their mixtures) and application timings (early and later fruit development stages) were applied. Their effects on fruit growth, development, and quality were systematically evaluated. Results showed a significant positive correlation between single fruit weight and both fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters. The rapid growth period of longitudinal diameter occurred between 34 to 74 days after full bloom, while that of transverse diameter was between 74 to 94 days after full bloom. Early-stage application of gibberellin or cytokinin prolonged the rapid growth period of longitudinal diameter, whereas brassinosteroid application did not alter the growth patterns of diameters or the fruit shape index. Application of PGRs at the later stage showed no significant effect on the growth patterns of diameters or the fruit shape index. PGR application at both stages reduced the fruit skewness index, with the gibberellin and cytokinin combination being the most effective. In conclusion, applying PGRs, especially the combination of gibberellin and cytokinin, during the early fruit development stage is more conducive to correcting the fruit shape of ‘Jingbaili’ pear.

Key words: ‘Jingbaili’ pear, fruit growth curve, fruit shape index, plant growth regulators, fruit shaping, gibberellin, cytokinin

刘晓琳, 高同雨, 苏本营, 李晶. 植物生长调节剂对‘京白梨’果形的调控作用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(22): 57-64.

LIU Xiaolin, GAO Tongyu, SU Benying, LI Jing. Regulatory Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit Shape of ‘Jingbaili’ Pear[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(22): 57-64.

图/表 16

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等级	单果重/g	纵径/mm	横径/mm	果形指数
特级果Ⅲ	220.31±15.43a	70.17±3.16a	77.40±0.05a	0.91±0.05c
特级果Ⅱ	172.75±13.69b	64.68±3.45b	70.95±0.06b	0.91±0.06bc
特级果Ⅰ	137.23±7.20c	58.92±2.95c	66.55±0.06c	0.89±0.06d
一级果	110.03±6.54d	55.84±3.11d	61.39±0.06d	0.91±0.06c
二级果	85.24±7.60e	52.22±3.19e	55.55±0.07e	0.94±0.07a
等外果	66.15±5.17f	47.48±2.72f	51.26±0.06f	0.93±0.06ab

等级	单果重/g	纵径/mm	横径/mm	果形指数
特级果Ⅲ	220.31±15.43a	70.17±3.16a	77.40±0.05a	0.91±0.05c
特级果Ⅱ	172.75±13.69b	64.68±3.45b	70.95±0.06b	0.91±0.06bc
特级果Ⅰ	137.23±7.20c	58.92±2.95c	66.55±0.06c	0.89±0.06d
一级果	110.03±6.54d	55.84±3.11d	61.39±0.06d	0.91±0.06c
二级果	85.24±7.60e	52.22±3.19e	55.55±0.07e	0.94±0.07a
等外果	66.15±5.17f	47.48±2.72f	51.26±0.06f	0.93±0.06ab

处理	单果重/g	可溶性固形物/%	可滴定酸/%	硬度/(kg/cm²)	偏斜指数/%
T₁	121.20±3.98ab	14.5±0.71a	0.14±0.03a	3.30±0.35a	9.33±8.08c
T₂	132.13±8.32a	14.9±0.69a	0.18±0.02a	3.53±1.68a	7.48±2.16c
T₃	117.20±6.72b	14.2±0.41a	0.16±0.02a	3.23±1.44a	13.24±1.22b
T₄	129.26±3.24a	14.9±0.42a	0.19±0.02a	3.57±1.86a	2.14±3.47d
T₅	96.52±4.51c	14.4±0.37a	0.15±0.04a	3.01±0.93a	13.74±6.28b
CK	114.89±9.78b	14.1±0.08a	0.18±0.02a	2.85±0.12a	19.28±3.49a

处理	单果重/g	可溶性固形物/%	可滴定酸/%	硬度/(kg/cm²)	偏斜指数/%
T₁	121.20±3.98ab	14.5±0.71a	0.14±0.03a	3.30±0.35a	9.33±8.08c
T₂	132.13±8.32a	14.9±0.69a	0.18±0.02a	3.53±1.68a	7.48±2.16c
T₃	117.20±6.72b	14.2±0.41a	0.16±0.02a	3.23±1.44a	13.24±1.22b
T₄	129.26±3.24a	14.9±0.42a	0.19±0.02a	3.57±1.86a	2.14±3.47d
T₅	96.52±4.51c	14.4±0.37a	0.15±0.04a	3.01±0.93a	13.74±6.28b
CK	114.89±9.78b	14.1±0.08a	0.18±0.02a	2.85±0.12a	19.28±3.49a

处理	单果重/g	可溶性固形物/%	可滴定酸/%	硬度/(kg/cm²)	偏斜指数/%
T₁	120.62±9.16a	13.8±0.50d	0.16±0.03a	3.19±2.38a	4.73±9.97c
T₂	121.84±4.18a	13.5±0.14e	0.13±0.01a	3.03±1.43a	9.78±7.26b
T₃	117.58±8.81b	14.0±0.28c	0.17±0.02a	2.94±1.13a	18.11±6.43a
T₄	115.14±8.29c	14.8±0.52a	0.18±0.02a	3.27±1.67a	7.16±3.38bc
T₅	114.89±9.79c	14.4±0.13b	0.19±0.02a	3.18±1.22a	17.72±9.88a
CK	114.68±7.22c	13.8±0.08cd	0.18±0.02a	2.85±0.12a	19.28±3.49a