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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (25): 60-66.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0138

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同作物根际土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的分析

高佑凯(), 宋群, 王增澔, 韦柳利, 傅奕豪, 孙阎(), 孙艳春()   

  1. 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院，哈尔滨 150080
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28 修回日期:2025-04-15 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-16
  • 通讯作者:
    孙阎，男，1981年出生，黑龙江哈尔滨人，教授，博士，研究方向：结构植物学。通信地址：150080 黑龙江哈尔滨南岗区学府路74号 黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院，Tel：0451-86609487，E-mail：。
    孙艳春，女，1987年出生，河南周口人，讲师，博士，研究方向：作物学、土壤微生物。通信地址：150080 黑龙江哈尔滨南岗区学府路74号 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院，Tel：0451-86609487，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    高佑凯，男，2002年出生，甘肃兰州人，硕士在读，研究方向：土壤微生物。通信地址：150080 黑龙江哈尔滨南岗区学府路74号 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院，Tel：0451-86609487，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费项目“茉莉酸途径在本氏烟－烟粉虱－双生病毒互作中的作用”(2022-KYYWF-1038); 黑龙江省博士后面上项目“连作和轮作对甜菜土壤微生物群落结构及功能的影响”(LBH-Z23255)

Analysis of Bacterial Community Structure and Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Different Crops

GAO Youkai(), SONG Qun, WANG Zenghao, WEI Liuli, FU Yihao, SUN Yan(), SUN Yanchun()   

  1. College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
  • Received:2025-02-28 Revised:2025-04-15 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-09-16

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摘要：

为探究不同作物对农田土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的影响，以大豆(Glycine max)、玉米(Zea mays)和甜菜(Beta vulgaris)根际土壤作为研究对象，利用高通量测序技术对这些作物根际土壤中的细菌群落结构组成及其多样性进行分析。结果表明，不同作物根际细菌群落组成、丰富度和多样性均表现出显著差异。在细菌门水平上，放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)等占比较高，其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度最高，占细菌总群落的39%~48%。在优势菌属方面，不同作物根际间也存在明显差异，特别是大豆处理组，与其他2组差异显著，且慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)的相对丰度最高，占总群落的7%。通过群落丰富度指标（Chao1和ACE）和群落多样性指标（Shannon和Simpson）分析发现，大豆根际土壤中细菌群落丰度和多样性最高，而甜菜处理组最低。综上可知，种植不同作物对土壤细菌群落组成和多样性有明显的影响，这一结果可为深入了解作物与土壤细菌群落之间的关系提供科学依据。

关键词: 大豆, 玉米, 甜菜, 根际土壤, 细菌群落, 多样性

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different crops on the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities, this study analyzed the rhizosphere soils of soybean (Glycine max), maize (Zea mays), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) using high-throughput sequencing technology to assess bacterial community composition and diversity. The results demonstrated significant differences in the composition, richness, and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities among the crops. At the phylum level, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the most dominant groups, with Proteobacteria exhibiting the highest relative abundance (39%-48% of the total bacterial community). At the genus level, distinct variations were observed among the crops, particularly in the soybean treatment, which showed significant differences compared to the other two groups. Notably, Bradyrhizobium was the most dominant genus in the soybean rhizosphere, accounting for 7% of the total bacterial community. Analysis of community richness indices (Chao1 and ACE) and diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson) revealed that the soybean rhizosphere soil had the highest bacterial richness and diversity, while the sugar beet treatment group exhibited the lowest values. In conclusion, cultivating different crops significantly influences the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities. These findings provide a scientific basis for further understanding the relationship between crops and soil microbiota.

Key words: soybean, corn, sugar beets, rhizosphere soil, bacterial community, diversity