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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (30): 137-146.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0683

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

跨半球尺度背景下的多因素变量对烟草烟叶全组分致香物质成分变化的研究

张炳辉1(), 孙世豪2, 贾凯3, 王以慧4, 郑朝元3, 李文卿1   

  1. 1 福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所， 福州 350003
    2 福州大学， 福州 350100
    3 福建农林大学资源与环境学院， 福州 350003
    4 山东中烟工业有限责任公司， 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14 修回日期:2025-02-21 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-04
  • 通讯作者:
    李文卿，1973年出生，研究员，从事烟草栽培与营养研究。通信地址：350003 福建省福州市鼓楼区北环中路133号1006室，E-mail：li-wqfjyc@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    张炳辉，1985年出生，高级农艺师，硕士，从事烟叶调制及生理生化研究。通信地址：350003 福建省福州市鼓楼区北环中路133号1006室，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司福建省公司科技项目“福建雪茄烟叶品质形成物质基础及关键技术研究与应用”(2021350000240082); “福建高山雪茄烟叶品质成因及关键技术研究”(2024350000240042)

Study on Variation of Tobacco Leaf Full Aroma Components Contents by Multifactorial Variables Across Hemisphere Scale

ZHANG Binghui1(), SUN Shihao2, JIA Kai3, WANG Yihui4, ZHENG Chaoyuan3, LI Wenqing1   

  1. 1 Insititue of Tobacco Science, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Company, Fuzhou 350003
    2 Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100
    3 College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350003
    4 China Tobacco Shandong Industrial LLC, Jinan 250100
  • Received:2024-11-14 Revised:2025-02-21 Published:2025-10-25 Online:2025-11-04

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摘要：

为提升国产雪茄烟叶品质、降低进口依赖，本研究旨在开发雪茄烟叶致香物质的高效测定方法，并据此对比分析国内外雪茄烟叶的内在致香物质差异。采集A、B、C、D、E 5个不同经纬度地域的26份烟叶样品，经固相微萃取处理后，利用全二维气相色谱-四极杆质谱(GC×GC-qMS)技术测定全组分数据。检测结果显示样本中共有多酚、有机酸、醛酮醇、杂环、酯芳环、其他类六大类别509种物质。其中，国外A地烟叶的醛酮醇含量最高，达15.20 mg/g，而D1地烟叶的醛酮醇种类最多，达145种。D2和D3地区植株的各类物质含量和变化趋势相似，C1、C2地区样本物质含量变化趋势相似，但是C2地区相较C1地区有机酸含量较高为1.17 mg/g，而醛酮醇、酯芳环、杂环及其他类物质含量较低；E2与C1、C2地区样本在物质含量和变化趋势方面接近，但杂环类物质含量明显较低为0.13 mg/g。主成分分析（以下简称PCA）显示，国外A地样本与国内D1地的部分样本及E1地样本具有潜在类似性。综上，A地和D1地的烟草样本的物质含量和种类相对丰富，且具有潜在类似性，所以在两地间开展烟草引种与培育具有潜在应用价值。

关键词: 雪茄烟叶, 致香物质, 产区差异, 主成分分析, 全二维气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱

Abstract:

To improve the quality of domestic cigar tobacco leaves, reduce dependence on imports, this study explored and developed determination methods for aroma-active substances in cigar tobacco leaves, and conducted a comparative analysis of intrinsic aroma-active substances between domestic and foreign cigar tobacco leaves. 26 tobacco leave samples from five different latitudes and longitudes (A, B, C, D, and E) were subjected to solid-Phase microextraction. Subsequently, the full-component data of 26 tobacco samples were measured using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS). The detection results show that there are a total of 509 substances in the samples, which fall into six categories: polyphenols, organic acids, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols, heterocycles, esters and aromatic rings, and others. The content of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols in area A is the highest, reaching 15.20 mg/g, while the samples from area D1 have the largest number of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols, up to 145 species. The content and variation trends of various substances in the plants from areas D2 and D3 are similar. The samples from Areas C1 and C2 also show similar variation trends in substance content. However, compared with area C1, the content of organic acids in area C2 is higher, reaching 1.17 mg/g, while the contents of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols, esters and aromatic rings, heterocycles, and other substances are relatively low. The samples from area E2 are similar to those from areas C1 and C2 in terms of content and variation trends, but the content of heterocyclic substances is significantly lower, at 0.13 mg/g. PCA analysis reveals that the samples from foreign location A share potential similarities with some samples from domestic location D1 and samples from domestic location E1. Based on the research results, we believe that the tobacco plants from areas A and D1 are relatively rich in substance content and species, and with potential similarities. So the plants from these two areas have the potential for introduction and cultivation.

Key words: cigar tobacco leaves, aroma substances, differences in producing areas, principal component analysis, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry