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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (31): 72-78.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0483

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

陇东旱塬区苹果园土壤养分含量与分布

张宁(), 李雅洁, 王永栋, 李利利()   

  1. 平凉市农业科学院,甘肃平凉 744000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-11 修回日期:2025-09-23 出版日期:2025-11-05 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 通讯作者:
    李利利,女,1983年出生,甘肃静宁人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事旱作栽培与土壤肥力研究工作。通信地址:744000 甘肃省平凉市崆峒区广成路222号 平凉市农业科学院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张宁,女,1992年出生,甘肃灵台人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事土壤肥料相关工作。通信地址:744000 甘肃省平凉市崆峒区广成路222号 平凉市农业科学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省省青年科技基金项目“黄土高原陇东旱塬区苹果园土壤养分评价及累积特征研究”(23JRRL0004)

Soil Nutrition Content and Distribution of Apple Orchards in Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu Province

ZHANG Ning(), LI Yajie, WANG Yongdong, LI Lili()   

  1. Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pingliang, Gansu 744000
  • Received:2025-06-11 Revised:2025-09-23 Published:2025-11-05 Online:2025-11-07

摘要:

以陇东旱塬区平凉市的静宁、庄浪、泾川、灵台县4个苹果主产县的苹果园为研究对象,分析4个县区苹果园地土壤养分的分布特征及差异性。通过采集并分析4个县区苹果园地0~100 cm土层土壤的剖面样品,测定土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量。结果显示,4个县的果园土壤中,0~100 cm土层土壤有机质含量平均值分别为11.61、11.90、10.84、12.16 g/kg,全氮含量平均值分别为0.8724、0.8074、0.8525、1.0234 g/kg,速效磷含量平均值分别为93.85、21.18、33.72、28.49 mg/kg,速效钾含量平均值分别为217.11、244.71、296.74、275.22 mg/kg。总体上,4个县果园土壤普遍存在有机质、全氮含量不足的问题;土壤含量在部分区域(如静宁县)相对较高(可选);速效钾处于丰富水平;且土壤养分含量呈现随土层深度增加而降低的趋势。针对平凉市苹果主产县土壤养分的现状,建议在生产中增施有机肥、氮肥,以提高土壤肥力,促进苹果产业的可持续发展。

关键词: 平凉市, 果园, 土壤养分, 氮磷钾

Abstract:

Taking the apple orchards in the main apple-producing counties of Jingning, Zhuanglang, Jingchuan and Lingtai in Pingliang City of eastern Gansu Province as the research objects, this study analyzed the distribution characteristics and differences of soil nutrients in the apple orchards in Pingliang. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were assayed from 0-100 cm depth soil profile samples of apple orchards in four counties. The results showed that the average content of soil organic matter in 0-100 cm soil layer of orchard in Jingning, Zhuanglang, Jingchuan and Lingtai were 11.61, 11.90, 10.84 and 12.16 g/kg; the average content of total nitrogen was 0.8724, 0.8074, 0.8525 and 1.0234 g/kg, respectively; the average content of available phosphorus was 93.85, 21.18, 33.72, 28.49 mg/kg; and the average content of available potassium was 217.11, 244.71, 296.74, 275.22 mg/kg, respectively. Overall, the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in orchards of four counties was relatively deficient, while the available phosphorus was at a moderately abundant level, and available potassium was at an abundant level. Additionally, the nutrients contents in the upper soil layers were higher than those in the lower layers. Based on the current soil nutrient status in the main apple-producing counties of Pingliang City, it is recommended to increase the application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers in production to improve soil fertility, thereby benefiting apple cultivation.

Key words: Pingliang, apple orchards, soil nutrient, NPK