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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (34): 87-95.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0435

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

配施生物有机肥对工业大麻产量及根际土壤微生物结构的影响

张晓艳(), 曹焜, 李学海, 朱浩, 边境()   

  1. 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院，黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-29 修回日期:2025-10-21 出版日期:2025-12-04 发布日期:2025-12-04
  • 通讯作者:
    边境，女，1993年出生，黑龙江绥化人，实习研究员，硕士研究生，主要从事汉麻分子育种。通信地址：163319 黑龙江省大庆市博学大街43号 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院，Tel：0459-8979537，Tel：0459-8979537，E-mail，。
  • 作者简介:

    张晓艳，女，1980年出生，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，助理研究员，博士研究生，主要从事汉麻育种与栽培学研究。通信地址：163319 黑龙江省大庆市博学大街43号 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院，Tel：0459-8979537，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省科学院创新基金项目“汉麻协同生物有机肥对黑土健康的恢复作用研究”(CXJQ2024DQ01)

Effects of Combined Application of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Yield of Industrial Hemp and Its Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Structure

ZHANG Xiaoyan(), CAO Kun, LI Xuehai, ZHU Hao, BIAN Jing()   

  1. Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319
  • Received:2025-05-29 Revised:2025-10-21 Published:2025-12-04 Online:2025-12-04

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摘要：

本研究探究配施生物有机肥对工业大麻根际土壤微生物群落的影响。采用宏基因组测序技术，比较分析休闲地(CX)、不施肥(CB)、单施化肥(FH)、配施20%生物有机肥(FS)处理下，工业大麻根际土壤微生物群落的组成和结构。结果表明，相较于对照(CB)，FS处理显著提高了根际土壤的有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、碱解氮(AN)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)及有机质(SOM)含量（增幅9.01%~79.41%），同时显著降低了土壤pH（降幅1.51%~4.16%）。配施生物有机肥有效调节了微生物群落结构，显著增加了放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)及鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)、阿菲波菌属(Afipia)的相对丰度。主成分分析(PCA)显示不同处理土壤样本微生物群落结构存在明显分离，配施生物有机肥处理的细菌、真菌和古生菌与其他处理差异显著。土壤因子对微生物群落结构的影响程度为AK>TN>AN>SOM>AP>TP>TK>pH。在门水平上，土壤化学性质的影响可归为2类，pH单独构成一类，其他化学因子(AP、AK、AN、TN、TP、TK、SOM)对群落结构的影响相似。值得注意的是，绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)丰度与pH呈显著负相关。综上，配施生物有机肥通过改善根际土壤的养分状况、优化微生物群落结构、提高土壤微生物多样性及养分代谢功能，提高了工业大麻产量，研究结果可为东北地区黑土修复提供理论依据。

关键词: 工业大麻, 产量, 土壤, 生物有机肥, 微生物结构, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

To clarify the effect of combined application of bio-organic fertilizer on the rhizosphere soil microbial community of industrial hemp, metagenomic sequencing technology was used to compare and analyze the effects of different treatments of fallow land (CX), no fertilization (CB), single application of chemical fertilizer (FH), and combined application of 20% bio-organic fertilizer (FS) on the composition and structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities of industrial hemp. The results showed that the combined application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the contents of available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK) and soil organic matter (SOM) in the rhizosphere soil of industrial hemp by 9.01%-79.41%, while reducing soil pH by 1.51%-4.16%. The combined application of bio-organic fertilizer had a regulatory effect on the rhizosphere microorganisms of industrial hemp; after application, the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Sphingomonas, Nitrospira and Afipia increased. PCA analysis indicated a trend of separation in microbial communities among soil samples under different treatments, with significant differences in bacteria, fungi, and archaea between the combined bio-organic fertilizer treatment and other treatments. For the influence of soil factors on microbial community structure under different treatments, the order was AK>TN>AN>SOM>AP>TP>TK>pH. At the phylum level, the influence of soil chemical properties on microbial communities could be divided into two groups: pH alone formed one group, while other chemical properties had similar effects on soil microbial community structure at the phylum level. It was notable that Chloroflexi showed a significant negative correlation with pH. The combined application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the yield of industrial hemp and the nutrient content in rhizosphere soil, improved the soil microbial community structure, enhanced the quantity and diversity of soil microorganisms, and improved nutrient supply and transformation capacity. This study provided a theoretical basis for black soil remediation in Northeast China.

Key words: industrial hemp, yield, soil, bio-organic fertilizer, microbial structure, microbial diversity