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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (35): 147-155.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0252

• 工程·机械·水利·装备 • 上一篇    下一篇

滴灌水肥一体化技术发展与思考

王昕1(), 朱长宽2(), 谢云超2, 姜瑶1, 金冉冉2, 张俊鹏1,2   

  1. 1 山东省水利科学研究院/山东省水网调度与水资源高效利用重点实验室,济南 250013
    2 山东农业大学水利土木工程学院/山东省农业节水技术与装备重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-31 修回日期:2025-08-27 出版日期:2025-12-11 发布日期:2025-12-11
  • 通讯作者:
    朱长宽,男,1999年出生,山东泰安人,硕士研究生,研究方向:节水灌溉新技术研究。通信地址:271018 山东省泰安市泰山区岱宗大街61号 山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王昕,女,1970年出生,山东济南人,研究员,硕士,研究方向:农业水资源高效利用研究。通信地址:250013 山东省济南市历下区历山路125号 山东省水利科学研究院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    山东省重大科技创新工程“变化环境下引黄灌区标准化智能节水灌溉技术与示范”(2024CXGC010912); 山东省水资源与水环境重点实验室开放基金项目“咸水灌溉农田土壤环境变化机制”(2024-06)

Development and Thinking of Drip Irrigation Water and Fertilizer Integration Technology

WANG Xin1(), ZHU Changkuan2(), XIE Yunchao2, JIANG Yao1, JIN Ranran2, ZHANG Junpeng1,2   

  1. 1 Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province/ Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Network Dispatching and Efficient Utilization, Jinan 250013
    2 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/ Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving Technology and Equipment, Tai’an, Shandong 271018
  • Received:2025-03-31 Revised:2025-08-27 Published:2025-12-11 Online:2025-12-11

摘要:

面对日益严峻的水资源短缺和农业可持续发展双重挑战,水肥一体化技术作为一种高效节水施肥模式,其重要性日益凸显。为深入探讨滴灌水肥一体化技术在发展过程中面临的问题和挑战,本研究通过系统性文献分析,综述了滴灌水肥一体化的发展历程与现状,归纳概括了滴灌水肥一体化技术对土壤理化性质、作物产量、水肥利用效率的影响以及滴灌水肥一体化设备、智能化的研究进展。在此基础上,指出了目前面临的主要问题,如灌溉制度不完善、设备堵塞、田间管道设计布置不合理等,建议未来应因地制宜制定科学合理的灌溉制度并优化田间规划,构建更完善的水肥管理指标体系,加强技术设备的智能化发展。研究旨在为滴灌水肥一体化技术的应用和创新提供理论依据,推动农业生产力提升和水资源可持续利用。

关键词: 滴灌, 水肥一体化, 土壤理化性质, 产量, 水肥利用效率, 智能化

Abstract:

Faced with the dual challenges of increasingly severe water scarcity and sustainable agricultural development, the importance of integrated water and fertilizer management as an efficient water-saving fertilization model is becoming increasingly prominent. To further analyze the problems and challenges encountered during the development of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, this study employed a systematic literature analysis, summarized the development history and current status of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, and synthesized its effects on soil physicochemical properties, crop yield, and water- and fertilizer-use efficiency, as well as research progress on drip fertigation equipment and system intelligent technologies. On this basis, the main existing problems are pointed out, such as imperfect irrigation scheduling, equipment clogging, and unreasonable design and layout of field pipelines. It is suggested that future efforts should focus on formulating scientific and rational irrigation schedules tailored to local conditions, optimizing field planning, establishing a more comprehensive index system for water and fertilizer management, and strengthening the intelligent development of technical equipment. The research aims to provide a theoretical basis for application and innovation of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology and to promote agricultural productivity enhancement and sustainable use of water resources.

Key words: drip irrigation, water and fertilizer integration, soil physical and chemical properties, yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency, intellectualization