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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (36): 12-20.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0168

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种植密度对‘天粟5号’农艺性状和产量的影响

秦雨涵1(), 杨晶1, 赵林林1, 曾玉姣1, 郑立鹏2, 任建东1, 王晓醒1, 马斌1, 周伟3, 徐麟2(), 相吉山1()   

  1. 1 伊犁师范大学生物科学与技术学院/新疆薰衣草资源保护与利用重点实验室, 新疆伊宁 835000
    2 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所/国家中亚特色作物种质资源中期库, 乌鲁木齐 830000
    3 疏勒县粥师傅谷业科技有限公司, 新疆喀什 844200
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者:
    相吉山,男,1980年出生,研究员,博士,研究方向:作物种质资源创新和利用。通信地址:835000 新疆自治区伊犁自治州伊宁市解放西路448号,Tel:0999-8996985,E-mail:
    徐麟,男,1968年出生,湖北黄梅人,研究员,本科,研究方向:作物种质资源创新和利用。通信地址:830091 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区南昌路403号,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    秦雨涵,女,2003年出生,本科,研究方向:植物保护。通信地址:835000 新疆自治区伊犁自治州伊宁市解放西路448号,Tel:0999-8996985,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    伊犁哈萨克自治州科技计划项目“谷子种质资源引种鉴定与挖掘利用”(YYD2023A07); 新疆天池英才引进计划(创新领军人才)(2024TCYCCXLJ01); 新疆自治区重大专项“新疆农作物种质资源征集、评价与安全保存体系构建技术研究”(2022A03004)

Effect of Different Planting Densities on Agronomic Traits and Yield of ‘Tiansu 5’

QIN Yuhan1(), YANG Jing1, ZHAO Linlin1, ZENG Yujiao1, ZHENG Lipeng2, REN Jiandong1, WANG Xiaoxing1, MA Bin1, ZHOU Wei3, XU Lin2(), XIANG Jishan1()   

  1. 1 College of Biological Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Lavender Resources, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000
    2 Crop Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Mid Term Germplasm Resource Bank of Central Asian Characteristic Crops in China, Urumqi 830000
    3 Shule County Zhoushifu Grain Industry Technology Co., Ltd, Kashgar, Xinjiang 844200
  • Received:2025-03-05 Revised:2025-08-20 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-25

摘要:

为明确新疆乌鲁木齐地区谷子品种‘天粟5号’的最佳种植密度,本研究结合当地谷子机械化播种实际及前期预试验结果,基于常用播种机行距(40、45、50 cm)和株距10 cm,设置6个种植密度梯度(40.0万、44.4万、50.0万、60.0万、66.7万、75.0万株/hm²),比较不同密度下‘天粟5号’的农艺性状与产量表现,并进行相关性分析及回归分析。结果表明:各种植密度处理在主茎直径、有效穗数、主穗重、主穗粒重及产量关键指标上差异极显著(P<0.01),主茎长度、千粒重差异显著(P<0.05);随着种植密度的增大,有效穗数递增,主茎长度、主穗长度递减,主穗重、产量呈先升后降趋势;产量与主穗重、主穗粒重等关键穗部性状极显著正相关,与有效穗数、主穗粒重存在极显著正向线性回归关系。综合来看,‘天粟5号’在60.0万株/hm²种植密度下的产量最高,相较于其他密度平均增产15%以上,且穗型紧凑、籽粒饱满,可作为乌鲁木齐地区‘天粟5号’的推荐种植密度。

关键词: 乌鲁木齐, 谷子, 种植密度, 农艺性状, 产量

Abstract:

To explore the optimal planting density of ‘Tiansu 5’ in the Urumqi area of Xinjiang, and provide a reference for the rational promotion of this variety, an experiment was conducted combining the actual mechanized sowing of local foxtail millet and the results of previous pre-tests. Based on the common row spacing of 40 cm, 45 cm, and 50 cm, and the in-field planting distance of 10 cm, six planting densities (400 000, 444 000, 500 000, 600 000, 667 000, 750 000 plants /hm2) were set up. The differences and changing trends of agronomic and yield traits of ‘Tiansu 5’ under the six planting densities were compared, and correlation and regression analyses were conducted. Under the six planting densities, the differences in main stem nodes, main stem diameter, leaf number, length of the internode below the panicle, effective panicle number, main panicle length, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, main panicle grain weight, main panicle grain number, and yield were extremely significant (P<0.01), while the differences in main stem length, leaf width, and 1000-grain weight were significant (P<0.05), and the differences in tiller number, leaf length, leaf length-to-width ratio, and grain yield rate were not significant (P>0.05). With the increase of planting density, the effective panicle number gradually increased, while the main stem length, length of the internode below the panicle, and main panicle length gradually decreased. The main panicle weight, main panicle grain weight, main panicle grain number, and 1000-grain weight showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the main stem nodes, main stem diameter, leaf number, leaf width, main panicle diameter, and yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, main panicle grain weight, and 1000-grain weight, and significantly positively correlated with grain yield rate. There was an extremely significant positive linear regression relationship between yield and tiller number, effective panicle number, main panicle length, main panicle grain weight, and grain yield rate. The yield was the highest at the planting density of 600 000 plants per hectare, which is the recommended planting density in the Urumqi area.

Key words: Urumqi, foxtail millet, planting density, agronomic traits, yield