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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 151-156.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0511

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

雌雄马口鱼肌肉营养成分的分析和比较

李文盛()   

  1. 福建省淡水水产研究所,福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-13 修回日期:2024-11-06 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-02-11
  • 作者简介:

    李文盛,男,1993年出生,安徽太和人,助理农艺师,研究生,主要从事水产动物营养与饲料方面的研究。通信地址:350002 福建省福州市鼓楼区西洪路555号 福建省淡水水产研究所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    福建省种业创新和产业化工程项目“光唇鱼和马口鱼种业创新与产业化开发”(2021FJSCZY04); 2022年福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项资金项目“马口鱼苗种批量培育技术研究”(FJHY-YYKJ-2022-2-2); 福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项“马口鱼家系选育技术建立及应用研究”(2021R1014004)

Comparison and Analysis of Muscle Nutritional Components of Male and Female Opsariichthys bidens

LI Wensheng()   

  1. Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Fuzhou 350002
  • Received:2024-08-13 Revised:2024-11-06 Published:2025-02-15 Online:2025-02-11

摘要:

本研究旨在探讨了雌性和雄性马口鱼肌肉营养成分差异,为马口鱼的营养价值评价和繁殖选育提供理论依据。试验采用生化分析,测定了体质量分别为(32.48±5.78) g和(78.31±8.79) g的2龄雌雄马口鱼成鱼肌肉营养成分组成,分析和比较了二者的营养价值。在粗脂肪方面雌性马口鱼含量高于雄性,二者具有差异性(P<0.05);水分和粗蛋白含量雄性马口鱼高于雌性,粗灰分含量雌性马口鱼高于雄性,但是均无差异(P>0.05)。雌性和雄性马口鱼矿物质含量差异较大,雄性马口鱼钾和铁的含量显著高于雌性(P<0.05),其他矿物质含量雌性马口鱼显著高于雄性(P<0.05)。雌性和雄性马口鱼均检测出16种氨基酸,各种类氨基酸含量无显著性差异(P>0.05);必需氨基酸、氨基酸总量以及呈味氨基酸含量雌性马口鱼均高于雄性马口鱼,但二者之间没有差异(P>0.05)。根据氨基酸评分值(AAS)和化学评分值(CS),雌性和雄性马口鱼第一限制性氨基酸均为胱氨酸+蛋氨酸(Cys+Met),第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸(Val);雌性马口鱼(90.15)的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)高于雄性马口鱼(86.10)。雌性和雄性马口鱼分别检测出24种和22种脂肪酸,雄性马口鱼饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸含量高于雌性,雌性马口鱼多不饱和脂肪酸、EPA+DHA含量显著高于雄性马口鱼(P<0.05);在检测出的脂肪酸中,均以油酸(C18:1)含量最高,亚油酸(C18:2)含量次之;在雄性马口鱼肌肉中未检测出芥酸(C22:1)和二十四碳一烯酸(C24:1)。雌性和雄性马口鱼在生长过程中,部分营养成分的组成与含量产生差异,整体而言,雌性马口鱼的营养物质较雄性马口鱼更为丰富,但在实际生产中,因雄性马口鱼生长迅速,养殖周期短,雄性马口鱼生长速度比雌性快2~3倍,体质量比雌性高出50%以上,可以获得更高的经济价值,因此马口鱼的全雄选育具有一定的意义。

关键词: 马口鱼, 肌肉, 氨基酸, 脂肪酸, 营养评价, 繁殖选育

Abstract:

The aim was to explore the differences in nutritional components of muscle between male and female Opsariichthys bidens, providing theoretical basis for breeding selection and nutritional evaluation of Opsariichthys bidens. Using biochemical analysis methods, nutrient contents in muscle of 2-year-old male and female Opsariichthys bidens with body weights of (32.48±5.78) g and (78.31±8.79) g were determined, and the nutritional value of them was analyzed and compared. The results showed that the content of crude fat in females was significantly higher than that of males (P<0.05); There were no significant difference in moisture, crude protein and crude ash content between the two groups (P>0.05). The mineral content had significant difference. The contents of potassium and iron in the detected minerals were significantly higher in males than those in females (P<0.05), and the contents of other minerals in females were significantly higher than those in males. 16 kinds of amino acids were detected in both female and male fish, and there was no significant difference in the contents of various amino acids; the essential amino acids, total amino acids and flavor amino acids in females were higher than those in males, but there was no significant difference. According to amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), the first limiting amino acid for both females and males was Met+Cys, and the second limiting amino acid was Val. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) of females (90.15) was higher than that of males (86.10). Total of 24 and 22 fatty acids were detected in female and male. The contents of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in males were significantly higher than those in females (P<0.05), and the polyunsaturated fatty acids in females were significantly higher than those in males (P<0.05). Among the detected fatty acids, the content of oleic acid (C18:1) was the highest, followed by linoleic acid (C18:2). Erucic acid (C22:1) and tetracosenoic acid (C24:1) were not detected in male fish. During the growth process of male and female Opsariichthys bidens, the composition and content of some nutrients were different. On the whole, the nutrients of female are more abundant than those of male. However, in actual production, due to the rapid growth of male, the breeding cycle is short, the growth rate of male fish is 2-3 times faster than that of female, and the body mass is more than 50% higher than that of female. Therefore, the all-male breeding of fish still has certain significance.

Key words: Opsariichthys bidens, muscle, amino acid, fatty acid, nutritional evaluation, breeding selection