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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (34): 53-62.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0985

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

芦苇替代木屑基料化栽培平菇子实体营养成分分析

姬钰粮1(), 王艳杰1(), 李颖卓2, 马荣辉3, 陈佳勃1(), 王琼1   

  1. 1 辽宁石油化工大学环境与安全工程学院，辽宁抚顺 113001
    2 辽宁省石佛寺水库管理局有限责任公司，沈阳 110121
    3 山东省农业技术推广中心，济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-24 修回日期:2023-04-03 出版日期:2023-12-05 发布日期:2023-11-30
  • 通讯作者:
    陈佳勃，男，1980年出生，副教授，博士，研究方向：环境生态修复与湿地植物资源化利用。通信地址：113001 辽宁省抚顺市望花区丹东路西段一号，E-mail：。
    王艳杰，女，1986年出生，博士，研究方向：环境生态修复与湿地植物资源化利用。通信地址：113001 辽宁省抚顺市望花区丹东路西段一号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    姬钰粮，男，1996年出生，河南平顶山人，硕士，研究方向：湿地植物资源化利用。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项“辽河保护区河流健康修复与管理技术集成（北方寒冷地区大型流域湿地发育机制与评估和大型流域湿地功能提升与重建关键技术）”(2018ZX07601-003); 国家自然科学基金“基于流域特性定量评估的东北河流氮磷基准研究”(41501551)

Nutritional Component Analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated with Reed Instead of Wood Chip as Substrate

JI Yuliang1(), WANG Yanjie1(), LI Yingzhuo2, MA Ronghui3, CHEN Jiabo1(), WANG Qiong1   

  1. 1 School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001
    2 Liaoning Shifo Temple Reservoir Administration Co. Ltd., Shenyang 110121
    3 Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250100
  • Received:2022-11-24 Revised:2023-04-03 Published-:2023-12-05 Online:2023-11-30

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摘要：

为丰富高品质平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)栽培技术，拓展芦苇秸秆就近高值化利用途径，应用‘夏灰1号’平菇菌株开展芦苇基料化栽培平菇的原料配比研究，设置0%、25%、33%、50%、67%、75%、100%共7个芦苇替代比例的改良基质栽培平菇，分析芦苇替代木屑比例对平菇子实体营养品质的影响。结果表明，与纯木屑栽培的平菇子实体相比，芦苇替代50%木屑栽培平菇子实体的锌、硒含量提高18.9%以上，粗蛋白、药用氨基酸、必需氨基酸和总氨基酸提高10.5%以上，甜味与鲜味氨基酸提高11.6%以上；以芦苇替代67%木屑栽培平菇子实体硒含量提高65.9%，锌、铁和维生素B2提高30.4%以上，药用氨基酸、必需氨基酸和总氨基酸分别提高3.3%、14.9%和6.8%，氨基酸比值系数分、必需氨基酸指数、生物价、营养指数值达到7个实验组的最高水平。50%芦苇代料比例的改良基质所栽平菇药用价值更高，食用风味更佳；67%代料比例所栽平菇氨基酸组成更接近FAO/WHO与鸡蛋模式蛋白，多种微量元素含量更高，整体营养价值更优，从营养均衡的角度考虑，基质的芦苇替代比例不宜过高。

关键词: 平菇, 芦苇, 基质改良, 营养成分, 氨基酸评价

Abstract:

To enrich high-quality mushroom cultivation substrates and expand the high-value utilization of reed straw, the raw material ratio for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus with reed base was studied by using test fungus ‘Xiahui No.1’. Seven modified substrates with 0%, 25%, 33%, 50%, 67%, 75%, and 100% reed substitution ratios were set up to cultivate the P. ostreatus, and the impact of the reed addition amount on the nutritional quality of P. ostreatus fruit bodies was analyzed. The zinc and selenium contents of P. ostreatus fruit bodies increased by more than 18.9% when reeds replaced 50% of wood chips compared to pure wood chips. In addition, their crude protein, medical amino acid, essential amino acid, and total amino acid contents increased by more than 10.5%, sweet and delicious amino acids increased by more than 11.6%. Similarly, selenium content increased by 65.9%, and zinc, iron, and vitamin B2 increased by more than 30.4% when reeds replaced 67% of wood chips compared to pure wood chips. In addition, medical amino acid, essential amino acid, and total amino acid contents increased by 3.3%, 14.9%, and 6.8%, respectively. Moreover, the score of ratio coefficient of amino acids, essential amino acid index, biological value, and nutrition index values were the highest among the seven modified substrates. The substrate with a 50% reed substitution ratio had higher medicinal value and better edible flavor. The amino acid composition of mushrooms grown with a 67% substitution ratio was closer to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and egg model protein, with higher contents of multiple trace elements and better overall nutritional value. From the nutritional balance perspective, the reed substitution ratio in substrate should not be too high.

Key words: Pleurotus ostreatus, reed, amelioration, nutritional components, amino acids evaluation