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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 22-28.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0762

所属专题: 生物技术 油料作物 玉米

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同玉米大豆种植模式对作物产量、经济效益与土壤养分的影响

李相花1(), 范彩英2, 徐芹1, 侯剑2, 王慧2, 刘艳艳2, 王恒2, 刘光亚3, 韩伟3()   

  1. 1 日照市岚山区安东卫街道农业综合服务中心,山东日照 276808
    2 日照市农业技术服务中心,山东日照 276800
    3 山东省农业技术推广中心,济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16 修回日期:2025-01-16 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-02-24
  • 通讯作者:
    韩伟,男,1977年出生,山东济南人,正高级农艺师,博士,主要从事农业技术推广工作。通信地址:250100 山东省农业技术推广中心,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李相花,女,1975年出生,山东日照人,高级农艺师,主要从事农业技术推广工作。通信地址:276808 山东日照岚山区安东卫街道农业综合服务中心,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“寡糖类复合新材料的作用机理及其农业应用”(2019YFE0197100)

Effects of Different Maize and Soybean Planting Patterns on Crop Yield, Economic Benefit and Soil Nutrient

LI Xianghua1(), FAN Caiying2, XU Qin1, HOU Jian2, WANG Hui2, LIU Yanyan2, WANG Heng2, LIU Guangya3, HAN Wei3()   

  1. 1 Lanshan District Andongwei Street Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Rizhao City, Rizhao, Shandong 276808
    2 Rizhao Agricultural Technical Service Center, Rizhao, Shandong 276800
    3 Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan 250100
  • Received:2024-12-16 Revised:2025-01-16 Published:2025-02-25 Online:2025-02-24

摘要:

为研究不同种植密度与种植比例对玉米/大豆生物量累积、氮素吸收、产量、经济效益以及土壤养分状况等方面的影响,于2023年6—10月开展大田试验,设置玉米单作(M)、大豆单作(S)、玉米/大豆2:4模式(I1)[玉米60000株/hm2+大豆135000株/hm2(D1)、玉米67500株/hm2+大豆135000株/hm2(D2)]、玉米/大豆4:6模式(I2)[玉米60000株/hm2+大豆135000株/hm2(D1)、玉米67500株/hm2+大豆135000株/hm2(D2)]共6个处理,对植株和土壤样品进行数据处理分析。结果表明,玉米/大豆种植模式显著降低了作物产量与生物量,与单作相比,玉米产量降低18.91%~25.45%、生物量降低12.62%~30.69%,大豆产量降低50.43%~56.79%、生物量降低36.84%~46.61%;不同种植比例表现为I1的玉米生物量与产量低于I2,而大豆表现出相反的趋势;在相同种植比例下,D1的玉米产量显著高于D2,而大豆产量差异不显著。由于产量与投入成本的差异,导致不同种植模式的经济效益不同,其中,I1D1较单作的经济效益增幅最大,与M和S相比分别提升为38.61%和22.25%。此外,不同玉米/大豆种植模式能够改善玉米、大豆土壤化学性质,尤其是提高玉米土壤碱解氮和有机质含量,其中,I1D1较M分别显著提高碱解氮含量14.17%、有机质含量16.61%。综上所述,玉米/大豆2:4种植模式配合玉米60000株/hm2+大豆135000株/hm2在提高体系作物产量与经济效益,以及改善土壤养分状况等方面为最优处理,研究结果对山东省玉米/大豆带状复合种植模式的应用推广具有一定的理论价值。

关键词: 玉米, 大豆, 作物生长, 经济效益, 土壤养分

Abstract:

The aim is to study the effects of different planting densities and planting ratios on biomass accumulation, nitrogen absorption, yield and economic benefits, and soil nutrient status of maize and soybean. Based on a field experiment, six treatments, including maize monoculture (M), soybean monoculture (S), maize/soybean 2:4 mode (I1) [60000 maize plants/hm2+135000 soybean plants/hm2 (D1), 67500 maize plants/hm2+135000 soybean plants/hm2 (D2)], and maize/soybean 4:6 mode (I2) [60000 maize plants/hm2+135000 soybean plants/hm2 (D1), 67500 maize plants/hm2+135000 soybean plants/hm2 (D2)], were designed. The results showed that maize/soybean planting pattern significantly decreased crop yield and biomass, compared to M and S, maize yield was decreased by 18.91%-25.45%, biomass was decreased by 12.62%-30.69%, soybean yield was decreased by 50.43%-56.79%, and biomass was decreased by 36.84%-46.61%. The biomass and yield of maize in I1 were lower than that of I2, while soybean showed the opposite trend. Under the same planting ratio, the maize yield of D1 was significantly higher than that of D2, while the soybean yield was not significantly different. Due to the difference of yield and input cost, the economic benefits of different planting patterns are different. Among them, the economic benefits of I1D1 were increased the most compared with M and S, which were 38.61% and 22.25%, respectively. In addition, different maize/soybean planting patterns could improve the soil chemical properties, especially the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter in maize soil. Compared with M, I1D1 significantly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter by 14.17% and 16.61%, respectively. Overall, the maize/soybean 2:4 planting pattern combined with 60000 maize plants/hm2+135000 soybean plants/hm2 is the optimal treatment in terms of improving crop yield and economic benefits of the system and improving soil nutrient status, etc. The research results have certain theoretical value for the application and promotion of maize/soybean combined planting pattern in Shandong Province.

Key words: maize, soybean, crop growth, economic benefit, soil nutrient