不同有机肥对紫薯产量和品质的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0441

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明不同种类有机肥对紫薯产量和品质的影响，于2023年在泰安市农业科学院试验基地开展试验，以‘泰紫薯1号’为供试甘薯品种，设不施肥、单施化肥、化肥减量50%分别与猪粪、牛粪、羊粪、鸡粪有机肥配施，共6个处理，分析各处理对紫薯农艺性状、干物质分配、产量和品质的影响。结果显示：猪粪处理的紫薯茎粗最粗，为14.95 cm，较单施化肥处理增加15.71%；羊粪处理的地上部干重最重，为197.62 g，较单施化肥处理增加30.33%；牛粪处理的块根干物质分配比例最高，为71.82%，较单施化肥处理提高11.47%；猪粪处理紫薯的块根产量和商品薯率最高，分别为48607.95 kg/hm²和79.25%；猪粪处理紫薯的块根可溶性糖含量最高，为38.75 mg/g，显著大于其他处理。研究表明，猪粪与化肥配施能促进紫薯地上部与地下部协调生长，促进干物质的合理分配，进而提高商品薯数量、商品薯率、单株薯重、产量和可溶性糖含量，效果优于其他有机肥与化肥配施。研究以期为紫薯的优质高产栽培技术提供理论依据。

关键词: 紫薯, 有机肥, 干物质, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of purple sweet potatoes, a field experiment was conducted in 2023 at the experimental base of Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences using ‘Taizishu 1’ as the test sweet potato variety. Six treatments were designed, including no fertilization, single chemical fertilizer, and 50% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, and chicken manure. The study analyzed the impacts of these treatments on agronomic traits, dry matter distribution, yield, and quality of purple sweet potatoes. The results showed that the purple sweet potato stem treated with pig manure had the thickest diameter, at 14.95 cm, an increase of 15.71% compared to the single chemical fertilizer treatment; the aboveground dry weight of sheep manure treatment was the heaviest, at 197.62 g, 30.33% higher than the single chemical fertilizer treatment; the proportion of dry matter distribution in the tubers treated with cow manure was the highest, at 71.82%, which increased by 11.47% compared to the single chemical fertilizer treatment; the yield and commodity rate of purple sweet potato tubers treated with pig manure were the highest, which were 48607.95 kg/hm² and 79.25%, respectively; the soluble sugar content in purple sweet potato tubers treated with pig manure was the highest, at 38.75 mg/g, significantly higher than other treatments. Research has shown that the combination of pig manure and chemical fertilizers can promote the coordinated growth of the aboveground and underground parts of purple sweet potatoes, promote the rational distribution of dry matter, and thereby increase the quantity, rate, weight, yield, and soluble sugar content of commercial sweet potatoes. The effect is superior to the combination of other organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers. This research provides a theoretical foundation for high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of purple sweet potatoes.

Key words: purple sweet potato, organic fertilizer, dry matter, yield, quality

秦华伟, 陈路路, 田昌庚, 刘尚刚, 张文, 孙哲. 不同有机肥对紫薯产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(6): 60-64.

QIN Huawei, CHEN Lulu, TIAN Changgeng, LIU Shanggang, ZHANG Wen, SUN Zhe. Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Purple Sweet Potato[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(6): 60-64.

图/表 6

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有机肥	有机质	全氮	全磷	全钾
猪粪	238.32	20.23	9.52	22.48
牛粪	342.15	16.35	5.23	20.14
羊粪	285.67	9.17	4.49	15.02
鸡粪	326.38	17.21	8.46	18.45

有机肥	有机质	全氮	全磷	全钾
猪粪	238.32	20.23	9.52	22.48
牛粪	342.15	16.35	5.23	20.14
羊粪	285.67	9.17	4.49	15.02
鸡粪	326.38	17.21	8.46	18.45

处理	分枝数/个	茎粗/cm	最长蔓长/cm	单株叶片数/个
CK	6.00±0.73a	12.73±0.40b	395.33±4.72d	96.50±7.67b
T1	6.00±0.58a	12.92±0.21b	413.00±3.34bc	118.00±2.96a
T2	5.33±0.56a	14.95±0.22a	416.67±1.84ab	123.17±1.58a
T3	5.67±0.21a	13.42±0.19b	421.67±0.61ab	103.33±2.58b
T4	5.67±0.42a	13.18±0.25b	427.67±3.74a	125.33±2.89a
T5	5.00±0.37a	15.45±0.55a	402.17±6.12cd	127.50±2.23a

处理	分枝数/个	茎粗/cm	最长蔓长/cm	单株叶片数/个
CK	6.00±0.73a	12.73±0.40b	395.33±4.72d	96.50±7.67b
T1	6.00±0.58a	12.92±0.21b	413.00±3.34bc	118.00±2.96a
T2	5.33±0.56a	14.95±0.22a	416.67±1.84ab	123.17±1.58a
T3	5.67±0.21a	13.42±0.19b	421.67±0.61ab	103.33±2.58b
T4	5.67±0.42a	13.18±0.25b	427.67±3.74a	125.33±2.89a
T5	5.00±0.37a	15.45±0.55a	402.17±6.12cd	127.50±2.23a

处理	干物质分配比例
处理	块根	茎	叶
CK	64.96±1.27b	28.49±0.78bc	7.72±0.43c
T1	64.47±0.77b	26.97±0.29bc	7.04±0.30c
T2	64.96±0.75b	28.50±0.72bc	6.54±0.11c
T3	71.82±3.0a	25.42±0.82c	7.45±0.10c
T4	54.32±0.44c	34.92±1.09a	11.66±0.76a
T5	59.71±2.11b	30.22±1.89b	9.34±0.48b