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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 98-104.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0566

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐碱障碍土壤生态治理与综合利用技术进展

王志刚1(), 史广志1, 刘志都1, 郭立月2()   

  1. 1 爱必施农业技术(北京)有限公司,北京 100076
    2 中国科学院植物研究所,北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28 修回日期:2025-01-18 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-14
  • 通讯作者:
    郭立月,男,1986年出生,山东聊城人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事生态农业技术方面的研究。通信地址:100093 北京市海淀区香山南辛村20号 中国科学院植物研究所,Tel:010-62836555,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王志刚,男,1982年出生,河北怀来人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事特种肥料研究与技术推广方面的工作。通信地址:100076 北京市大兴区西红门星光影视园8号楼 爱必施农业技术(北京)有限公司,Tel:010-80252884,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    企业特种肥料科技创新项目“腐殖酸型土壤调理剂盐碱地改良技术开发及应用”(RBS0016)

Research on Ecological Management and Integrated Utilization of Saline-alkali Land

WANG Zhigang1(), SHI Guangzhi1, LIU Zhidu1, GUO Liyue2()   

  1. 1 Aibishi (Beijing) Agriculture Technology Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100076
    2 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
  • Received:2024-08-28 Revised:2025-01-18 Published:2025-03-15 Online:2025-03-14

摘要:

中国盐碱地类型多、分布广且面积大。从1973年河北省曲周县开始,进行了大量的盐碱地治理相关技术创新和生态工程,重度盐碱障碍土壤面积不断减少,但局部区域由于受水资源制约出现次生盐碱化不断加重趋势。20世纪80年代以来,中国在盐碱地水盐运移规律基础研究、治理技术发展和生态利用方面取得了长足进步,但仍然缺乏系统性和集成的治理利用体系,存在技术成熟度低、工程化措施不完善、后期维护不足、农田基本配套建设工程和国家产业发展方向脱节等短板,导致技术示范推广困难、相关企业参与积极性不高等诸多现实问题。针对上述问题,本文总结了盐碱地形成机理、生态治理策略、技术体系构建及未来生态产业发展方向,提出今后的重点方向:加强针对不同特征盐碱地和气候特点的适用技术研发和推广应用,并建立耐盐碱牧草、特种经济植物和特色农产品生态产业技术及模式,实现生态、经济和社会效益有机结合;创新耕作和灌溉制度;建立盐碱地水盐运移实时监测系统并制定相应灌溉措施,为实现水盐精准调控提供帮助。

关键词: 盐碱地, 生态治理, 综合利用, 生态产业

Abstract:

There are many types and widely distribution of saline-alkali soils with largely area in China, which also have a wide range of potential applications in future. Since 1973, numerous saline-alkali land treatment technological innovations and ecological projects had been carried out in Quzhou County, Hebei Province, thus the areas with severe saline-alkali obstacle had been decreasing, but in some areas secondary salinization were increasing due to water resources restriction in recent years. Although China had made great progress in basic research, management technology development and ecological utilization of water and salt transport laws in saline-alkali land since the 1980 s, there was still a lack of systematic and integrated management and utilization system. There were many shortcomings, such as low technology maturity, imperfect engineering measures, insufficient post-maintenance, basic supporting construction projects of farmland and national industries disconnection and so on, which led to technology demonstration and promotion difficulties, and relevant enterprises with lower participation enthusiasm. Considering above issues, we summarized the formation mechanism, ecological management strategies, technology system construction and the development trends in future of saline-alkali soils, which could be useful for theory and key technology breakthroughs of water-soil-biological resources with high efficient utilization in saline-alkali lands, and improving the construction technology supporting system, in order to establish a virtuous circle of saline-alkali land ecology with win-win ecological, economic and social benefits.

Key words: saline-alkali soils, ecological management, integrated utilization, ecological industry