种子休眠与解除休眠的组学技术研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0296

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种子休眠是植物适应环境的核心生物学特性，对种群繁衍、种质资源保护及农林生产具有关键意义。然而其休眠与解除休眠的调控机制复杂多样，现有研究往往仅进行常规的生理生化分析，缺乏系统、全面的深入探讨，而组学技术为解析该过程提供了精准工具。为全面梳理种子休眠与解除休眠的分子机制研究进展，本文系统综述了转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学这3种代表性组学技术在该领域的应用与代表性成果。转录组学可精准挖掘休眠调控关键基因（如DOG1、激素信号通路基因）及非编码RNA，揭示基因表达的时空特异性；蛋白质组学能鉴定休眠转换期的差异丰度蛋白，阐明激素互作、ROS调控及能量代谢的协同作用；代谢组学可定位休眠解除的关键代谢物（如蔗糖、脯氨酸、溶血磷脂），构建“基因-蛋白-代谢物”的关联网络。研究同时指出当前研究存在多组学数据整合不足、物种普适性有限、成果转化不足等问题。据此指出，需强化跨组学数据关联分析、拓展野生与珍稀物种研究、加速基础研究向育种实践转化，为种子休眠机制的全面解析及农业生产应用提供理论支撑。

关键词: 种子休眠, 解除休眠, 转录组学, 蛋白质组学, 代谢组学

Abstract:

Seed dormancy represents a core biological trait in plants for environmental adaptation and is of critical importance for population propagation, germplasm resource conservation, and agricultural and forestry production. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying dormancy induction and release are complex and diverse. Current research often focuses on conventional physiological and biochemical analyses, lacking systematic and comprehensive investigation, whereas omics technologies provide precise tools for deciphering these processes. To thoroughly review advances in the molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy and dormancy release, this article systematically summarizes the application and representative achievements of three prominent omics technologies in this field: transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Transcriptomics enables precise identification of key dormancy-related genes (e.g., DOG1 and hormone signaling pathway genes) and non-coding RNAs, revealing spatiotemporal specificity in gene expression. Proteomics facilitates the identification of differentially abundant proteins during dormancy transitions, elucidating the synergistic roles of hormone interactions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and energy metabolism. Metabolomics can pinpoint key metabolites involved in dormancy release (such as sucrose, proline, and lysophospholipids) and help construct a ‘gene-protein-metabolite’ association network. The review also notes existing limitations in current research, including insufficient integration of multi-omics data, limited species generality, and inadequate translation of research findings into practice. Accordingly, the review proposes that future studies should strengthen cross-omics data correlation analysis, expand research on wild and rare species, and accelerate the translation of basic research into breeding practices, thereby providing theoretical support and technical guidance for a comprehensive understanding of seed dormancy mechanisms and their application in agricultural production.

Key words: seed dormancy, dormancy release, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics

夏佳淼, 邓晓霞, 林芮竹, 杜亚彤, 王竞红, 蔺吉祥. 种子休眠与解除休眠的组学技术研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(1): 43-59.

XIA Jiamiao, DENG Xiaoxia, LIN Ruizhu, DU Yatong, WANG Jinghong, LIN Jixiang. Progress on Omics Techniques of Seed Dormancy and Dormancy Release[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(1): 43-59.

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