欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 13-20.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0008

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

微咸水补灌技术对棉花冠层光合及产量的影响

程彦淼1(), 刘正兴2, 崔建平3, 王亮3, 张娜3, 林涛3, 田立文3, 郭仁松3(), 赵强1()   

  1. 1 新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心/丝绸之路经济带棉花优质高效协同创新中心， 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心， 新疆阿克苏 843000
    3 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院棉花研究所， 乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-02 修回日期:2026-05-08 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-05-27
  • 通讯作者:
    郭仁松，男，1982年出生，山东乐陵人，研究员，研究方向为棉花高产栽培与耕作。E-mail：。
    赵强，男，1981年出生，安徽灵璧人，教授，博士研究生，研究方向为作物栽培与耕作。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    程彦淼，女，2001年出生，新疆库尔勒人，硕士研究生，主要从事棉花栽培与耕作研究。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题“咸水微咸水补灌区盐碱地产能提升综合技术模式集成与应用”(2022YFD1900105); 国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-12); 国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-13)

Effects of Supplemental Irrigation with Brackish Water on Canopy Photosynthesis and Yield of Cotton

CHENG Yanmiao1(), LIU Zhengxing2, CUI Jianping3, WANG Liang3, ZHANG Na3, LIN Tao3, TIAN Liwen3, GUO Rensong3(), ZHAO Qiang1()   

  1. 1 Silk Road Economic Belt Cotton High-quality and Efficient Collaborative Innovation Centre/ Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education/ College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052
    2 Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Aksu Prefecture, Aksu, Xinjiang 843000
    3 Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Academy of Sciences of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830091
  • Received:2026-01-02 Revised:2026-05-08 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-05-27

RichHTML

5

PDF (PC)

7

摘要：

南疆棉区面临淡水短缺、土壤盐渍化与季节性干旱叠加胁迫，亟需微咸水安全高效利用技术。为探究微咸水补灌配套技术对棉花冠层光合与产量的调控机制，以‘新陆中88号’为研究对象，设置常规灌溉(CK)、微咸水补灌+深松(SWS)、微咸水补灌+深松+土壤调节剂(SWST)3个处理，研究不同微咸水补灌处理对棉花叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素含量(SPAD)、冠层截获率(FIPAR)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、干物质积累量及产量等指标的影响。结果表明：SWST处理的LAI及SPAD值在蕾期和吐絮期均为最大值，SWST处理较CK处理的LAI在吐絮期增加了30.39%，SPAD值增加了14.63%。截获率随棉花生长呈现上升趋势，SWST在吐絮期时截获率在垂直60~70 cm处达到0.95。SWST处理维持高光合效率，促进干物质累积，实现产量跃升。在蕾期和吐絮期时，SWST处理的Tr、Pn和Gs显著高于CK处理，且SWST与SWS处理间无显著差异(P<0.05)。SWST的水分利用效率(WUEi)较CK增加了11.4%、Ci降低了6.29%，同时使SWST的干物质积累量较CK提前5 d进入快速积累期，籽棉产量较CK增产18.42%，并获得最大生长特征值(88.71)。综合表明，采用矿化度4.5 g/L微咸水进行补灌，结合深松并施用土壤调节剂技术措施，能显著提高棉花的LAI、SPAD值和WUEi，优化冠层结构，增加棉花群体的截获率的同时增加干物质积累，进而获得最高产量(7557.65 kg/hm2)，实现南疆盐碱地棉花节水增产与抗逆协同提升。未来可开展多年定位与不同矿化度梯度试验，完善区域适配技术模式。

关键词: 棉花, 微咸水, 补灌, 深松, 土壤调节剂, 冠层截获率, 光合效率, 干物质积累量, 产量

Abstract:

The cotton growing area in southern Xinjiang is facing the combined stress of fresh water shortage, soil salinization and seasonal drought, and the safe and efficient utilization technology of brackish water is urgently needed. To elucidate the mechanism by which brackish water supplementary irrigation affects canopy photosynthesis and yield of cotton in southern Xinjiang, using cultivar ‘Xinluzhong 88’ as the test material, three treatments were established: conventional irrigation (CK), brackish water supplementary irrigation+ subsoiling (SWS), and brackish water supplementary irrigation+ subsoiling+ soil conditioner (SWST). The effects of these treatments on leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (SPAD), canopy interception rate (FIPAR), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), dry-matter accumulation, and seed-cotton yield were investigated. SWST produced the highest LAI and SPAD at both budding and boll-opening stages, increasing LAI by 30.39% and SPAD by 14.63% compared with CK. The interception rate showed an increasing trend with cotton growth. The interception rate of SWST during the fluffing stage reached 0.95 at a vertical height of 60-70 cm. This treatment sustained high photosynthetic efficiency and stimulated dry-matter accumulation, thereby boosting yield. During the bud stage and floret stage, the levels of Tr, Pn and Gs in SWST-treated samples were significantly higher than those in CK-treated samples, with no significant difference observed between SWST and SWS treatments (P<0.05). The water use efficiency (WUEi) of SWST was 11.4% higher than that of CK, while the carbon uptake (Ci) decreased by 6.29%. Dry-matter accumulation entered the rapid phase 5 days earlier in SWST than in CK, resulting in an 18.42% yield increase and the highest growth characteristic value (88.71). Supplemental irrigation with brackish water at a mineralization degree of 4.5 g/L, combined with deep loosening and the application of a soil conditioner, significantly increased cotton LAI, SPAD values and WUEi, optimized canopy structure, increased the interception rate of cotton populations while enhancing dry matter accumulation, finally producing the highest seed-cotton yield of 7557.65 kg/hm2. In the future, multi-year positioning and different salinity gradient tests can be carried out to improve the regional adaptation technology model.

Key words: cotton, brackish water, replenishment irrigation, deep loosening, soil conditioner, canopy light interception, photosynthetic efficiency, dry-matter accumulation, yield

中图分类号: