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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 66-72.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0080

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

降冠对核桃‘云新高原’光合性能的效应

吴红全1,2(), 续路林3, 陈利红2, 保俊春4, 皇甫红星2, 田迎春5, 常家云5, 赵鹏宇6, 李仕江5(), 赵昶灵5,7()   

  1. 1 云南农业大学植物保护学院， 昆明 650201
    2 陆良县林业和草原局， 云南陆良 655699
    3 曲靖市农业学校， 云南曲靖 655099
    4 陆良县不动产登记中心， 云南陆良 655699
    5 云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院， 昆明 650201
    6 上海应用技术大学生态技术与工程学院， 上海 201418
    7 云南高原有机农业研究院， 云南楚雄 675099
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-06 修回日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-09
  • 通讯作者:
    李仕江，女，2000年出生，云南大姚人，在读硕士，主要从事药用植物产量和品质形成及其调控机理的研究。通信地址：650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区沣源路452号 云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院，Tel：0871-65227213，E-mail：。
    赵昶灵，男，1969年出生，四川都江堰人，教授，博士，博导，博士后（合作）导师，主要从事作物产量和品质形成及其调控机理的研究。通信地址：650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区沣源路452号 云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院，Tel：0871-65227213，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    吴红全，男，1975年出生，云南陆良人，正高级工程师，在读博士，主要从事果树栽培研究。通信地址：655699 云南省陆良县西华路122号 陆良县林业和草原局营林管理站，Tel：0874-6267031，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省陆良县营林管理站资助项目“核桃‘云新高原’降冠提质增效的机理”(LYHZ2024-1); 云南省科学技术协会、云南农业大学和西南林业大学联合资助项目“2025年度楚雄市农民院士科技服务站”(A3012025014); 云南省科技厅资助项目“2025年云南省科技特派员”(321)

Effects of Crown-decreasing on Photosynthetic Performance of Juglans regia ‘Yunxingaoyuan’

WU Hongquan1,2(), XU Lulin3, CHEN Lihong2, BAO Junchun4, HUANGFU Hongxing2, TIAN Yingchun5, CHANG Jiayun5, ZHAO Pengyu6, LI Shijiang5(), ZHAO Changling5,7()   

  1. 1 College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    2 Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Luliang County, Luliang, Yunnan 655699
    3 Qujing Agricultural School, Qujing, Yunnan 655099
    4 Real Estate Registration Center of Luliang County, Luliang, Yunnan 655699
    5 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    6 College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418
    7 Yunnan Plateau Academy of Organic Agriculture, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675099
  • Received:2025-02-06 Revised:2025-06-03 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-07-09

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摘要：

研究旨在阐明降冠对核桃‘云新高原’光合性能的效应，为核桃栽培中降冠技术的产业化推广应用提供依据。对进入盛果期的‘云新高原’进行降冠处理，用分光光度法检测叶片的光合色素含量，用便携式光合仪检测叶片的光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数，并用隶属函数评价叶片光合性能的综合等级。结果表明，4.0 m冠高植株叶片的面积、叶绿素a含量([Chl a])、叶绿素b含量([Chl b])、总叶绿素含量{[Chl (a+b)]}、类胡萝卜素含量([Car])和初始荧光(F0)均最高，分别约为(77.4378±10.7445) cm2、(2.3780±0.1483) mg/(g·FW)、(0.9775±0.1091) mg/(g·FW)、(3.3565±0.2376) mg/(g·FW)、(0.6391±0.0426) mg/(g·FW)和110.0982±6.5923；CK植株（即冠高8.0~9.0 m）叶片的[Chl a]/[Chl b]、最大荧光产量(Fm)和PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)均最高，分别约为2.8662±0.1448、917.8035±10.2468和0.8928±0.0032；3.6 m冠高植株叶片的[Chl (a+b)]/[Car]、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均最高，分别约为5.5542±0.6019、(14.3004±1.8561) μmol/(m2·s)、(0.081±0.0064) mol/(m2·s)、(719.4092±153.8605) μmol/mol和(2.3070±0.1348) mmol/(m2·s)；叶面积、[Chl a]、[Chl b]、[Car]、F0和Fv/Fm在不同冠高植株之间的差异均达到显著水平，[Chl (a+b)]、Pn、Gs、Tr和Fm的差异均达到极显著水平，但[Chl a]/[Chl b]、[Chl (a+b)]/[Car]和Ci的差异未达到显著水平；叶片光合性能的综合等级为3.6 m冠高>4.0 m冠高>4.4 m冠高>CK。综上所述，3种降冠处理均可提高‘云新高原’叶片的光合性能，冠高降至3.6 m时叶片的光合性能最佳。

关键词: 核桃‘云新高原’, 盛果期, 降冠, 光合色素含量, 光合参数, 叶绿素荧光参数, 综合等级

Abstract:

This research aimed to clarify the effects of crown-decreasing on photosynthetic performance of Juglans regia ‘Yunxingaoyuan’, providing a basis for the industrial popularization and application of the crown-decreasing technology in J. regia cultivation. Crown-decreasing was performed on the J. regia ‘Yunxingaoyuan’ trees entering full fruiting period, the photosynthetic pigment contents of the leaves were determined by using spectrophotometry, the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves were measured by using portable photosynthetic apparatus, and the comprehensive ranking of the leaf photosynthetic performance was evaluated by using membership function. The results indicated that the area, chlorophyll a content ([Chl a]), chlorophyll b content ([Chl b]), total chlorophyll content {[Chl (a+b)]}, carotenoid content ([Car]) and the initial fluorescence (F0) of the leaves of the 4.0 m crown height plants were the highest, i.e., about (77.4378±10.7445) cm2, (2.3780±0.1483) mg/(g·FW), (0.9775±0.1091) mg/(g·FW), (3.3565±0.2376) mg/(g·FW), (0.6391±0.0426) mg/(g·FW) and 110.0982±6.5923, respectively, the [Chl a]/[Chl b], maximum fluorescence yield (Fm) and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) of the leaves of the check (CK) plants with 8.0-9.0 m crown height were the highest, i.e., approximately 2.8662±0.1448, 917.8035±10.2468 and 0.8928±0.0032, respectively, whereas the [Chl (a+b)]/[Car], net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of the leaves of the 3.6 m crown height plants were the highest, i.e., roughly 5.5542±0.6019, (14.3004±1.8561) μmol/(m2·s), (0.081±0.0064) mol/(m2·s), (719.4092±153.8605) μmol/mol and (2.3070±0.1348) mmol/(m2·s), respectively. The differences of the area, [Chl a], [Chl b], [Car], F0 and Fv/Fm among the plants with different crown heights all reached significant levels, the differences of the [Chl (a+b)], Pn, Gs, Tr and Fm all reached extremely significant levels, but those of the [Chl a]/[Chl b], [Chl (a+b)]/[Car] and Ci did not reach any significant levels. In brief, the comprehensive ranking of the photosynthetic performances of the leaves was as: 3.6 m crown height>4.0 m crown height>4.4 m crown height>CK. Thus, the 3 crown-decreasing treatments can all improve the photosynthetic performance of J. regia ‘Yunxingaoyuan’ leaves, when the crown height is decreased to 3.6 m, the leaf photosynthetic performance is the best.

Key words: Juglans regia ‘Yunxingaoyuan’, full fruiting period, crown-decreasing, photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, comprehensive ranking

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