咸水灌溉对作物产量及水分生产率影响的Meta分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0040

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 46-54.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0040

咸水灌溉对作物产量及水分生产率影响的Meta分析

仇强¹(), 王焕之¹, 华维娜¹, 刘晓莹¹, 郭继民¹, 张晓丽¹, 郑昊²(), 吴国威³()

¹ 潍坊市农业技术推广中心，山东潍坊 261061
² 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，陕西杨凌 712100
³ 山东省昌邑市峡山灌区灌溉所，山东潍坊 261300

收稿日期:2026-01-10 修回日期:2026-05-21 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-24
通讯作者:
郑昊，男，2000年出生，山东日照人，在读博士研究生，研究方向：水资源高效利用。通信地址：712100 陕西省杨凌示范区渭惠路23号西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，E-mail：17866702681@163.com；
吴国威，男，1982年出生，山东潍坊人，高级工程师，本科，研究方向：水资源高效利用。通信地址：261300 山东省潍坊市昌邑市新昌路86号山东省昌邑市峡山灌区灌溉所，E-mail：15169611678@163.com。
作者简介:
仇强，男，1982年出生，山东新泰人，高级农艺师，硕士，研究方向：耕地质量提升及水肥高效利用。通信地址：261061 山东省潍坊市高新区东风东街6396号阳光大厦，Tel：0536-5575925，E-mail：157883293@qq.com。
基金资助:
山东省生态农业技术体系潍坊综合试验站项目(SDAIT-30-16)

Meta-analysis of Effects of Saline Irrigation on Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency

QIU Qiang¹(), WANG Huanzhi¹, HUA Weina¹, LIU Xiaoying¹, GUO Jimin¹, ZHANG Xiaoli¹, ZHENG Hao²(), WU Guowei³()

¹ Weifang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Weifang, Shandong 261061
² College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100
³ Xiashan Irrigation District Irrigation Station, Changyi City, Weifang, Shandong 261300

Received:2026-01-10 Revised:2026-05-21 Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-09-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

咸水灌溉作为缓解水资源紧缺的重要途径受到广泛关注，但其对作物产量及水分利用效率的影响机理仍不清晰。本研究通过Meta分析，整合了57篇文献中的727组数据，系统评估不同作物类型、气候条件、土壤性质及灌溉水平下咸水灌溉对作物产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)的影响。结果表明：咸水灌溉显著降低了作物产量、WUE和IWUE。其中，在高盐度灌溉条件(EC_i>3.0 dS/m)条件下，各项指标的下降幅最为显著，产量、WUE和IWUE分别下降了24.0%、5.5%和14.8%；而微咸水(EC_i≤3.0 dS/m)对作物的的影响相对较小，表明适度盐度的灌溉水在一定条件下可减轻对作物的负面效应。气候与土壤因素对咸水灌溉的效应具有显著调节作用。在湿润地区（年降水量>800 mm），咸水灌溉的负面影响较弱，而在干旱及半干旱区，其影响则更为显著。壤土和黏土较砂土更能缓冲盐分胁迫。适宜灌溉量(100~300 mm)可显著提升作物产量与水分利用效率，且在咸水灌溉条件下作用更为突出。基于以上研究结果，本研究建议：在中国干旱半干旱地区实施咸水灌溉时，应优先选择壤土或黏土条件、年降水量高于400 mm的区域，并配置100~300 mm的适宜灌溉量，以最大程度地维持作物产量与水分利用效率。该研究为干旱区咸水灌溉的优化管理提供了科学依据。

关键词: 咸水灌溉, 作物产量, 水分利用效率, 灌溉水利用效率

Abstract:

Saltwater irrigation has received extensive attention as an important means to alleviate water scarcity, but the mechanism of its impact on crop yield and water use efficiency remains unclear. This study conducted a Meta-analysis by integrating 57 articles with a total of 727 data sets to systematically evaluate the effects of saltwater irrigation on crop yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under different crop types, climatic conditions, soil properties, and irrigation levels. The results showed that saltwater irrigation significantly reduced crop yield, WUE, and IWUE. Among them, the decline was most obvious under high salinity irrigation conditions (EC_i>3.0 dS/m), reaching 24.0%, 5.5%, and 14.8% respectively. The influence of slightly saline water (EC_i≤3.0 dS/m) was relatively small, indicating that moderate salinity irrigation could alleviate the adverse effects on crops under certain conditions. Climate and soil factors had a significant regulatory effect on the irrigation effect of saline water. The negative impact was weaker in humid areas (annual precipitation >800 mm), while it was more pronounced in arid and semi-arid regions; loam and clay soils could better buffer salt stress than sandy soils. Appropriate irrigation volume (100-300 mm) could significantly increase crop yield and water use efficiency, and its effect was more prominent under saline water irrigation conditions. Based on the above results, this study suggested that when implementing saline water irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions, loam or clay conditions with an annual precipitation of more than 400 mm should be prioritized, and an appropriate irrigation volume of 100-300 mm should be configured to maximize the maintenance of crop yield and water use efficiency. This research provides a scientific basis for the optimized management of saline water irrigation in arid areas.

Key words: saltwater irrigation, crop yield, water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S274

仇强, 王焕之, 华维娜, 刘晓莹, 郭继民, 张晓丽, 郑昊, 吴国威. 咸水灌溉对作物产量及水分生产率影响的Meta分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(18): 46-54.

QIU Qiang, WANG Huanzhi, HUA Weina, LIU Xiaoying, GUO Jimin, ZHANG Xiaoli, ZHENG Hao, WU Guowei. Meta-analysis of Effects of Saline Irrigation on Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(18): 46-54.

图/表 8

图1. Meta分析中试验地点的地理分布

分组	变量	分类
作物种类		玉米
		小麦
		棉花
		番茄
		花生
		辣椒
		其他
气候条件	MAP/mm	<200
		200~400
		400~800
		>800
	MAT/℃	<15
		15~20
		>20
土壤性质	质地	砂土（砂壤土、砂质粘壤土、壤质砂和砂）
		壤土（粉土、壤土、粉质壤土和砂质淤泥壤土）
		黏土（黏土、粘壤土、粉质粘壤土和粉质黏土）
	pH	<6
		6~8
		>8
	BD/(g/cm³)	<1.2
		1.2~1.4
		>1.4
	土壤有机质/ (g/kg)	≤15
	土壤有机质/ (g/kg)	>15
灌溉水平/ mm		<100
		100~300
		>300

表1. 咸水灌溉对产量、WUE和IWUE的可能影响因素类别

图2. 咸水灌溉对作物产量(a)、WUE (b)和IWUE (c)的效应值的频率分布曲线是频率数据集的拟合正态（高斯）分布。N是样本量。P表示显著性水平

图3. 咸水灌溉对作物产量、WUE和IWUE的总体影响点和条分别表示平均响应比和95%置信区间。未过零的条表示处理之间在P<0.05时的显著差异。观察次数在括号中表示，下同

图4. 作物类型对作物产量、WUE和IWUE的影响

图5. 气候条件对作物产量、WUE和IWUE的影响

图6. 土壤性质对作物产量、WUE和IWUE的影响

图7. 灌溉水平对作物产量、WUE和IWUE的影响

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咸水灌溉对作物产量及水分生产率影响的Meta分析

Meta-analysis of Effects of Saline Irrigation on Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency

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