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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 141-148.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0343

• 资源•环境•生态•土壤•气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机肥替代化肥对土壤有机碳含量及玉米碳分配的影响

罗红星1(), 刘孝伟2, 冯凡1, 蒋仁敏1, 唐巧巧1, 江万尊1, 伍勇1,3, 张城铭1,3()   

  1. 1 成都师范学院化学与生命科学学院， 成都 611130
    2 成都农业科技职业学院农学园艺学院， 成都 611130
    3 农林废弃物资源化利用四川省工程研究中心， 成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-29 修回日期:2026-07-08 出版日期:2026-11-10 发布日期:2026-11-10
  • 通讯作者:
    张城铭，男，1992年出生，四川遂宁人，讲师，博士，研究方向：土壤养分管理和环境健康。通信地址：611130 四川省成都市温江区海科路东段99号，Tel：028-66020075，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    罗红星，男，2003年出生，四川达州人，本科，研究方向：有机肥替代下土壤肥力评价。通信地址：611130 四川省成都市温江区海科路东段99号，Tel：028-66020075，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技创新苗子工程资助项目“一份新的玉米细胞核雄性不育突变体ms60的基因克隆和功能初探”(MZGC20230108); 四川省大学生创新训练计划项目“浮萍生物质炭的稻田减磷增效应用及机制研究”(S202514389097); 农村土地利用监测与评价四川省哲学社会科学重点实验室开放课题“农田土壤微塑料老化过程的生态效应评价研究”(NDZDS202401); 成都师范学院引进人才专项“基于离子组学解析植物对环境变动的多维响应”(YJRC2022-12)

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Organic Carbon Content and Maize Carbon Allocation

LUO Hongxing1(), LIU Xiaowei2, FENG Fan1, JIANG Renmin1, TANG Qiaoqiao1, JIANG Wanzun1, WU Yong1,3, ZHANG Chengming1,3()   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130
    2 School of Agriculture and Horticulture, Chengdu Agriculture College, Chengdu 611130
    3 Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization for Agricultural and Forestry Wastes, Chengdu 611130
  • Received:2026-04-29 Revised:2026-07-08 Published:2026-11-10 Online:2026-11-10

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摘要：

本研究采用大田试验，研究有机肥替代化肥对紫色土碳累积及玉米生长动态的影响。试验共设4个处理：不施氮肥(CK)、化肥处理(CT)、有机肥替代50%化肥(HR)、有机肥替代100%化肥(FR)，通过测定土壤溶解性有机碳、土壤有机质含量、玉米各器官的生物量和碳浓度，探究有机肥替代化肥对土壤溶解性有机碳、土壤有机质及玉米碳含量、积累与分配的影响。结果表明：本研究中，HR处理显著提升土壤溶解性有机碳含量至541.0 mg/kg，但增加有机肥替代比例达100%（FR处理）时，土壤溶解性有机碳含量显著降低了17.70% (P<0.05)；土壤有机质含量随有机肥替代比例增加显著上升，FR处理下土壤有机质含量达到峰值39.0 g/kg，比HR处理高约7.6 g/kg。有机肥替代处理能有效提高玉米产量，其中HR处理在籽粒产量的提升方面表现最为突出，达12.7 t/hm2。有机肥替代化肥处理对玉米的碳浓度、积累和分配模式具有显著影响(P<0.05)，其中HR处理下的籽粒碳累积量显著高于FR处理，而两者间的碳浓度差异不显著。另外，HR处理下玉米籽粒碳的分配比例最高(59.2%)，而CT处理下的碳主要分配在叶片中，且FR处理下的碳在根茬分配最多。综上所述，有机肥替代化肥可提升土壤有机质含量，但过量替代反而抑制土壤可溶解有机碳的有效性。HR处理对土壤有机碳提升效果最佳，且对玉米碳同化物向籽粒转运及增产效应最显著。因此，在西南石灰性紫色土玉米区域的生产中，建议推广采用有机肥氮替代50%化肥氮的施肥模式。

关键词: 石灰性紫色土, 玉米, 有机肥替代化肥, 土壤有机碳, 碳分配

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer on carbon accumulation of purple soil and maize. The experiment comprised four treatments, including no nitrogen fertilization (CK), conventional chemical fertilizer (CT), 50% organic N substitution (HR), and 100% organic N substitution (FR). Soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil organic matter (SOM) content, biomass of maize organs, and carbon concentration were measured to elucidate the impact on soil carbon fractions and maize carbon accumulation and partitioning. The results indicated that the HR treatment significantly increased soil DOC to 541.0 mg/kg. However, increasing the substitution rate to 100% (FR) led to a significant reduction in soil DOC by 17.70% (P<0.05). Conversely, SOM content increased significantly with the proportion of organic substitution, peaking at 39.0 g/kg under the FR treatment, which was approximately 7.6 g/kg higher than that under the HR treatment. Organic substitution effectively enhanced maize yield, with the HR treatment exhibiting the most pronounced effect, achieving a grain yield of 12.7 t/hm2. Furthermore, organic substitution significantly influenced maize carbon concentration, accumulation, and distribution (P<0.05). Although the HR treatment resulted in a significantly higher grain carbon accumulation compared to FR, no significant difference in carbon concentration was observed between these treatments. Notably, the HR treatment achieved the highest carbon allocation to grains (59.2%), whereas the CT treatment primarily allocated carbon to leaves, and the FR treatment favored carbon allocation to root stubble. In summary, while organic substitution increases SOM, excessive substitution may inhibit soil DOC availability. The HR treatment demonstrated the optimal balance, enhancing soil organic carbon and maximizing the translocation of photosynthates to grains, thereby achieving the highest yield. Therefore, we recommend a 50% organic nitrogen substitution rate for maize production in southwestern calcareous purple soils.

Key words: calcareous purple soil, maize, organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer, soil organic carbon, carbon allocation

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