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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 11-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0969

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁夏干旱区双垄全膜沟播马铃薯种植密度的产量影响试验研究

徐宇东1,2(), 李海洋3(), 杨建明4, 王桂芳1,2, 位改改2   

  1. 1 中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室， 银川 750002
    2 宁夏固原市气象局， 宁夏固原 756000
    3 同心县预旺镇农业综合服务中心， 宁夏同心 751306
    4 宁夏回族自治区六盘山气象站， 宁夏固原 756000
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-31 修回日期:2026-02-14 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-23
  • 通讯作者:
    李海洋，男，1968年出生，宁夏同心人，高级农艺师，主要从事旱作农业技术推广与试验。通信地址：751306 宁夏回族自治区吴忠市同心县预旺镇人民政府院内 同心县预旺镇农业综合服务中心，Tel：0953-8670322，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐宇东，男，1966年出生，宁夏固原人，工程师，主要从事农业气象服务工作。通信地址：756000 宁夏固原市原州区西关南街158号 宁夏回族自治区固原市气象局，Tel：0954-2042288，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    固原市原州区科技研发计划项目“气候预报优化原州区露地蔬菜种植关键技术研究”(YK2025-39)

Experimental Study on Yield Impact of Potato Planting Density Under Double Ridge Full Film Furrow Sowing in Arid Area of Ningxia

XU Yudong1,2(), LI Haiyang3(), YANG Jianming4, WANG Guifang1,2, WEI Gaigai2   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Monitoring, Early Warning and Risk Management of Agrometeorological Disasters for Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, China Meteorological Administration, Yinchuan 750002
    2 Guyuan Meteorological Bureau of Ningxia, Guyuan, Ningxia 756000
    3 Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Yuwang Town, Tongxin County, Tongxin, Ningxia 751306 l
    4 Liupanshan Meteorological Station, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Guyuan, Ningxia 756000
  • Received:2025-12-31 Revised:2026-02-14 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-23

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摘要：

为明确双垄全膜沟播技术下宁夏同心县马铃薯的最优种植密度，提升旱区马铃薯节水高产栽培水平，本研究设置2.25~5.25株/m2梯度密度，共计5个处理，系统探究种植密度对马铃薯生育期、农艺性状及产量的调控效应，并结合试验期及宁夏中南部山区气象特征分析密度适配规律。结果表明：种植密度对马铃薯营养生长前期进程无显著影响，但显著调控生殖生长阶段，处理1（2.25株/m2）下生育期延长，处理5（5.25株/m2）下成熟提前；随密度升高，单株结薯数、单株薯重及大中薯率均呈极显著下降趋势(P<0.001)，产量则呈“先升后降”特征，其中3.00株/m2为最优密度，对应小区产量86.44 kg，折合单产达16379.40 kg/hm2。气象适配性分析显示，降水是密度调控的核心影响因子，平水年、丰水年及偏旱年最优密度均为3.00株/m2，极旱年需下调至2.25株/m2；宁夏中南部山区种植密度可随“北—中—南”降水梯度，从3.00株/m2向3.75株/m2逐步适配。本研究结果为宁夏同心县及同类旱区马铃薯合理密植提供了科学依据，为区域马铃薯高产栽培提供了直接技术参考，也为干旱半干旱地区马铃薯节水增产的密度调控提供了思路。

关键词: 双垄沟播技术, 马铃薯, 种植密度, 农艺性状, 产量

Abstract:

To clarify the optimal planting density of potato in Tongxin County, Ningxia under the double ridge full film mulching and furrow sowing technology, and improve the water-saving and high-yield cultivation level of potato in arid areas, this study set five treatments with gradient densities from 2.25 to 5.25 plants/m2, systematically explored the regulatory effects of planting density on the growth period, agronomic traits and yield of potato, and analyzed the density adaptation law combined with the meteorological characteristics during the test period in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia. The results showed that planting density had no significant effect on the early vegetative growth process of potato, but significantly regulated the reproductive growth stage. The growth period was prolonged under Treatment 1 (2.25 plants/m2), and maturity was advanced under Treatment 5 (5.25 plants/m2); with the increase of density, the number of tubers per plant, tuber weight per plant and the rate of large and medium-sized tubers showed an extremely significant downward trend (P<0.001), while the yield showed a "first increase and then decrease" characteristic. Among them, 3.00 plants/m2 was the optimal density, with a plot yield of 86.44 kg and a converted yield of 16379.40 kg/hm2. Meteorological adaptability analysis showed that precipitation was the core influencing factor for density regulation. The optimal density was 3.00 plants/m2 in normal, wet and slightly dry years, and needed to be reduced to 2.25 plants/m2 in extreme dry years; the planting density of potato in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia could be gradually adapted from 3.00 plants/m2 to 3.75 plants/m2 along the "north-central-south" precipitation gradient. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the rational close planting of potato in Tongxin County and similar arid areas, and also an important reference for the integration and optimization of water-saving and high-yield cultivation technologies of potato in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia.

Key words: double ridge furrow sowing technology, potato, planting density, agronomic traits, yield

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