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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 314-319.

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同生育期（阶段）有限补灌对小麦产量和水分利用效率及经济效率的影响

支虎明 刘建华   

  • 收稿日期:2010-11-12 修回日期:2010-11-30 出版日期:2011-04-25 发布日期:2011-04-25
  • 基金资助:

    科技部科技支撑计划项目;山西省科技厅科技专项

Influence of Limited Supplemental Irrigation at Different Periods (Stages) on Wheat Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Economic Efficiency

  • Received:2010-11-12 Revised:2010-11-30 Online:2011-04-25 Published:2011-04-25

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摘要：

为高效利用灌溉水资源，提高灌溉水水分利用效率和水分经济效率，在山西临汾采用随机区组设计方法研究了不同年型各生育期（阶段）有限补灌对产量、水分利用效率及经济效率的影响。结果表明：2个年型（正常和干旱）条件下：各生育阶段灌水处理的平均产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水水分经济效率均表现为冬前灌水>春季灌水>后期灌水；各生育时期灌水处理的平均产量和灌溉水水分经济效率均表现为冬水>孕穗水>拔节水>扬花水>返青水>起身水>灌浆水>对照（不补灌），水分利用效率为冬水>孕穗水>扬花水>返青水>起身水>拔节水>灌浆水>对照（不补灌）。降雨正常年型各生育阶段灌水处理的平均产量、水分利用效率均高于干旱年型，而干旱年型灌溉水水分经济效率却高于正常年型。此项研究同时明确了各生育期灌水处理的土壤水分动态。该项研究为发展半旱地农业提供了理论和技术支撑。

关键词: 苹果轮纹病菌, 苹果轮纹病菌, 三唑类杀菌剂, 戊唑醇, 敏感性, 敏感基线

Abstract:

In order to increase the efficiency of irrigation water, water use efficiency and economic efficiency, the effects of limited supplemental irrigation at different periods (stages) in different years on wheat yield, water use efficiency and water economic efficiency were analyzed in a random block design experiment in Linfen, Shanxi Province. The results showed that in normal and arid years, average wheat yield, water use efficiency and water economic efficiency of irrigation water under treatments at different growth periods were increase in the order of pre-winter irrigation > spring irrigation > late irrigation; Average yield and water economic efficiency of irrigation water under different irrigation treatments were affected in the order of winter water > booting water > jointing water > flowering water > green up water > standing water > filling water > the contrast (non-irrigation), water use efficiency was affected in the order of winter water > booting water > flowering water > green up water > standing water > jointing water > filling water > the contrast; Average yield and water efficiency under different irrigation treatments in normal rainfall years were higher than that of arid years, but the water economic efficiency of irrigation water was higher in arid years. Meanwhile, the study made clear soil water dynamic at different growth periods. It provided an important theoretical basis and technical support for developing semiarid land agriculture.