不同栽培模式对恩施山地特色烤烟生长和干物质积累的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 恩施山地是中国中间香型特色优质烟叶生产的适宜地区之一。探讨中间香型烟叶不同栽培因子的最佳组合模式对恩施山地烟农增产增收具有十分重要的意义。为此，比较分析了5种栽培模式下烟叶生长发育和干物质积累的动态变化规律。结果表明，5种栽培模式的根、茎秆和烟叶的干物质积累呈现“慢-快-慢”的模式。根、茎和叶器官干物质积累速率高峰期在移栽后60~75天左右, 干物质积累均符合二次多项式回归方程。干物质积累速率的大小为：叶片>茎>根。通径分析表明，最大叶面积对烟叶干物质积累的直接正作用最大，直接通径系数为2.152，茎杆干重对烟叶干物质积累起最大的负作用，其直接通径系数为-1.248。烤烟上等烟叶率与淀粉、还原糖与烟碱的直接通径系数分别为1.22、-0.369和0.145。还原糖通过淀粉和烟碱对烤烟上等烟叶率起的正作用为0.692。因此，通过改进栽培措施，增加茎秆和叶生长，降低根冠比，可以促进叶片干物质的积累。通过增加还原糖的含量，降低淀粉和烟碱的含量，可以提高烟叶的上中等烟率。烤烟经济性状和化学成分聚类分析表明，N4是适宜湖北恩施山地中间香型特色优质烟叶生产的最佳栽培模式，它在当地烤烟生长中具有广泛的应用前景。

关键词: 土壤养分, 土壤养分

Abstract: Enshi mountainous region is one of suitable areas to develop intermediate scent type flue-cured tobacco varieties in China. To find out the elite cultivation modes of intermediate scent tobacco will help increase in the yield and income of local tobacco-producing farmers in Enshi region. In this study, five cultivation modes involving different culture factors, such as transplanting time, nitrogen application level, plant density and remaining leaves, were compared in the growth mode and dry matter accumulation dynamics in the whole growth periods. The results demonstrated that, all five cultivation showed a low-fast-slow pattern of dry matter accumulation in the field growth periods. The highest amount and rate of accumulation appeared from 60 to 75 days after transplantation, leaf had a higher dry matter accumulation rate than stem and root organs, they all conformed to two polynomial regression equations, and also the dry matter accumulation rates was in the order of leaves, stems and root tissues. Path analysis showed that, the dry matter in the leaves was mainly influenced by the maximum leaf area with direct path coefficient 2.152 and stem dry weight with negative value -1.248, the super-high flue-cured tobacco percent was regulated more by starch content with direct coefficient 1.22, reduced sugar with value -0.369 and nicotine contents with value 0.145. However, reduced sugar had a positive value 0.692 by the means of starch and nicotine contents. And thus, cultivation method should be to improve the stem and leaf growths synchronously to keep an appropriate root-shoot ratio, as well as increase the reducing sugar levels, reduce the starch and nicotine contents to obtain the higher super-high tobacco leaf percent. According to the clustering analysis of the yield and chemical component contents in the flue-cured tobacco, the cultivation mode N4 was the best for intermediate scent flue-cured tobacco with intermediate scent type in the Enshi region, potentiating a great application in the cultivation of characteristic tobacco yield and high quality in the future.

曹仕明蔡鑫曹勤华谢德颖张黎明杨俊谢国生. 不同栽培模式对恩施山地特色烤烟生长和干物质积累的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(1): 185-192.

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