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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11): 1-7.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120051

所属专题： 生物技术； 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

不同氮素水平对冬小麦根叶氧化酶活性的影响

赵若含1, 陈红卫1, 欧行奇1,2, 刘锦锦1, 贾改1, 姚素梅1, 刘明久1,2, 黄玲1,2()   

  1. 1河南科技学院生命科技学院,河南新乡 453003
    2现代生物育种河南省协同创新中心,河南新乡 453003
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-13 修回日期:2019-03-03 出版日期:2020-04-15 发布日期:2020-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 黄玲
  • 作者简介:赵若含,女,1995年出生,河南永城人,硕士,研究方向:作物水分养分高效利用。通信地址453003 河南省新乡市红旗区华兰大道90号东段 河南科技学院生命科技学院,Tel:0373-3040337,E-mail: 15736938609@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“不同水氮处理对麦田土壤微生物区系的影响及其调控机制”(51509085);河南省科技重大专项“小麦新品种百农207产业化研究与开发”(15110011070);河南省教育厅自然科学项目“冬小麦水肥一体化增产效应研究”(18B210003)

Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Oxidase Activities in Leaves and Roots of Winter Wheat

Zhao Ruohan1, Chen Hongwei1, Ou Xingqi1,2, Liu Jinjin1, Jia Gai1, Yao Sumei1, Liu Mingjiu1,2, Huang Ling1,2()   

  1. 1College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang Henan 453003
    2Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang Henan 453003
  • Received:2018-12-13 Revised:2019-03-03 Online:2020-04-15 Published:2020-04-28
  • Contact: Huang Ling

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摘要：

为了研究施氮对冬小麦生长前期叶片和根系活性氧代谢差异的影响,以‘百农207’为材料,进行根箱培养试验,设置7个氮素水平:N0（不施氮）、N1 (120 kg/hm 2)、N2 (150 kg/hm 2)、N3 (180 kg/hm 2)、N4 (240 kg/hm 2)、N5 (270 kg/hm 2)、N6 (300 kg/hm 2),分析了不同氮处理下‘百农207’生长前期叶片和根系中丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白(WSP)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性及与根系生长发育特性的关系。结果表明在冬小麦生育前期,叶片和根系的MDA含量在低氮处理下最高。在一定范围增施氮肥,中氮(N2)处理下叶片和根系WSP含量最高,T-AOC在高氮(N6)处理下最大。根系对胁迫环境的响应比叶片敏感,施氮提高了小麦根系活力,降低了根冠比,增加了叶片和根系生物量。随着施氮的增加,叶片和根系MDA含量、根系APX酶活性降低,叶片和根系的TAOC、叶片CAT酶活性和根系SOD酶活性增加。小麦叶片和根系酶促系统反应机制各自独立又相互协作,施氮量过高对酶促系统中部分抗氧化酶活性起抑制作用。在本实验条件下,施氮量在中氮范围内(150~240 kg/hm 2)时,冬小麦植株中酶活性指标相对最优,有利于冬小麦的前期生长发育,符合减肥增效的原则。

关键词: 冬小麦, 根系, 氮素, 丙二醛, 可溶性蛋白, 酶活性

Abstract:

To study the effects of nitrogen application on the metabolic difference of active oxygen in leaves and roots of winter wheat, ‘Bainong207’ was used as material, a rhizobox experiment was conducted with seven nitrogen application levels (N0-no nitrogen application, N1-120 kg/hm 2, N2-150 kg/hm 2, N3-180 kg/hm 2, N4-240 kg/hm 2, N5-270 kg/hm 2, N6-300 kg/hm 2). The relationships between malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein (WSP), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves and roots of winter wheat at the early growth stage and the characteristics of roots growth were analyzed. The results showed that at the early growth stage, MDA contents in leaves and roots were the highest under low nitrogen levels. With the increase of nitrogen level in certain range, WSP in leaves and roots was the highest with N2 treatment. T-AOC was up to the highest level in N6 treatment. Roots were more sensitive to environment stress than leaves. Nitrogen improved the root activity, reduced the root cap ratio, and increased the leaf and root biomass. MDA contents in roots and leaves and APX activity in roots decreased with the increasing nitrogen fertilizer. T-AOC in roots and leaves, CAT activity in leaves and SOD activity in roots increased with the increasing nitrogen fertilizer. These results demonstrated that enzymatic reaction mechanism of root and leaf was independent and collaborative with different nitrogen amounts. The inhibition of high nitrogen on an antioxidant system influenced partially the activity of antioxidase. The comparatively optimal condition for antioxidase activity is medium nitrogen (150-240 kg/hm 2nitrogen application), which is beneficial to the growth and development of winter wheat at earlier stage and accords with the principle of decreasing fertilizer and enhancing efficacy.

Key words: winter wheat, root, nitrogen, malondialdehyde, soluble protein, enzyme activity

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