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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (18): 67-72.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030098

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤环境基准的研究和展望

邱荟圆, 李博, 祖艳群()   

  1. 云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-22 修回日期:2019-09-23 出版日期:2020-06-25 发布日期:2020-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 祖艳群
  • 作者简介:邱荟圆,女,1996年出生,云南玉溪人,硕士,研究方向:土壤重金属修复。通信地址:650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区 云南农业大学资源与环境学院,E-mail: 656554835@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省农田无公害生产科技创新团队(2017HC015);云南省教育厅科学研究基金产业化培育项目(2016CYH11);云南农业大学优秀课程“生态-土壤综合实验”(2017YAUKC10E)

Soil Environmental Criteria: Research and Prospect

Qiu Huiyuan, Li Bo, Zu Yanqun()   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
  • Received:2019-03-22 Revised:2019-09-23 Online:2020-06-25 Published:2020-07-10
  • Contact: Zu Yanqun

摘要:

土壤环境基准是土壤环境质量标准制定的基础,可以对土壤环境风险进行评价。本研究对国内外近25年内土壤环境基准研究状况进行总结归纳,分析不同国家在基准推导时的差异,以及国内土壤环境基准制定所采用方法的优缺点。通过对比发现,国内现阶段基准制定大多数是通过土壤植物和土壤动物等受试物种对重金属的敏感性变化,或收集大量土壤背景值等方法来推导。与国外基准相比后还存在不足,没有统一的基准制定方法、所需保护对象不明确且在制定时考虑的生态受体类型不够完善。今后在基准制定种还需加强不同区域土壤差异性研究、规范基准制定方法并进一步完善毒理学数据库,为土壤环境质量标准的修订提供参考。

关键词: 环境基准, 土壤污染, 物种敏感分布, 重金属, 风险评估, 土壤环境质量标准

Abstract:

Soil environmental criteria are the basis of soil environmental quality standard, and can be used to evaluate environmental risks. In this study, the environmental criteria were classified and the research status of soil environmental criteria at home and abroad in recent 25 years was reviewed. This paper summarized the differences in the derivation of soil environmental criteria in different countries, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used in developing soil environmental criteria in some areas of China. It is found that: most of the criteria are derived from the sensitivity of soil plants and soil animals to heavy metals, or by collecting a large number of soil background values; the criteria still have deficiencies compared with foreign criteria, such as no uniform criteria method, unclear protection targets, and incomplete types of ecological receptors considered in the development. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen soil diversity research in different regions, standardize criteria developing methods and further improve the toxicology database so as to provide references for the revision of soil environmental quality standard.

Key words: environmental criteria, soil pollution, species sensitivity distribution, heavy metal, risk assessment, soil environmental quality standard

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