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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (23): 106-111.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600345

所属专题： 小麦

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同除草剂组合对麦田杂草发生和小麦产量的影响

张自常1(), 付佑胜2, 李永丰1(), 谷涛1, 杨霞1, 曹晶晶1   

  1. 1江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,南京 210014
    2江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安 223001
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-27 修回日期:2019-08-25 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2020-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 李永丰
  • 作者简介:张自常,男,1982年出生,山东菏泽人,副研究员,博士,主要从事作物与杂草互作研究工作。通信地址：210014 江苏省南京市玄武区钟灵街50号 江苏省农业科学院,Tel：025-84390335,E-mail： zichangzhang2009@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“茉莉酸调控稗草干扰水稻米质形成的差异性机理”(31871982);国家重点研发计划“长江中下游水稻化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究”(2016YFD0200800)

Effect on Weed Occurrence and Wheat Yield: Different Herbicide Combinations

Zhang Zichang1(), Fu Yousheng2, Li Yongfeng1(), Gu Tao1, Yang Xia1, Cao Jingjing1   

  1. 1Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
    2Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Science of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huaian Jiangsu 223001
  • Received:2019-06-27 Revised:2019-08-25 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-13
  • Contact: Li Yongfeng

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摘要：

为了解不同除草剂组合对麦田杂草发生状况和小麦产量的影响,于2016—2017年选用高产小麦品种‘淮麦43号’进行大田试验,共设置了5个除草处理（T1：人工拔草、T2：5%唑啉草酯+50%异丙隆+15%双氟·氯氟吡、T3：4%啶磺草胺+50%异丙隆+15%双氟·氯氟吡、T4：4%啶磺草胺+15%双氟·氯氟吡和T5：15%炔草酯+50 g·L双氟磺草胺）,以不除草为对照(CK)。结果表明,与对照相比,施用除草剂后均显著降低了单位面积杂草的发生数目和重量,其中T3和T4表现较好的防除效果,达到90%以上。小麦的产量随着杂草数量和重量的增加而降低。同对照相比,除草后小麦产量均显著增加,其中T2和T3的小麦产量与T1（人工除草）处理增产幅度最大,其次为T4,T5增产的幅度最小。从生理指标分析,T1、T2和T3处理的小麦叶面积指数、干物质积累量、叶片光合速率以及籽粒中吲哚-3-乙酸、赤霉素和玉米素+玉米素含量较高,T4和T5的上述生理指标增加较小。这可能是T4和T5处理小麦产量增加幅度较小的重要原因。

关键词: 小麦, 杂草, 除草剂, 小麦产量, 生理响应

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of different herbicide combinations on weed occurrence and wheat yield, a field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2017 with a high-yield wheat cultivar ‘Huaimai 43’, and five weed control treatments were set up, including manual weeding (T1), 5% pinoxaden+50% isoproteron+15% florasulam·fluroxypyr-mepthyl (T2), 4% pyroxsulam+50% isoproteron+15% florasulam·fluroxypyr-mepthyl (T3), 4% pyroxsulam+15% florasulam·fluroxypyr-mepthyl (T4), 15% clodinafop-propargyl+50 g·L florasulam (T5) and non-weeding treatment as control check (CK). The results showed that, compared with CK, the occurrence amount and dry matter of weed per unit area were significantly reduced after the application of herbicides, especially T3 and T4 showed better control effects, which was up to over 90%. The yield of wheat decreased with the increase of the amount and weight of weed. Compared with CK, wheat yield was markedly increased after weed control, and the yield increase of T1, T2 and T3 was the most, followed by T4, and T5 was the least. Moreover, physiological indexes showed that T1, T2 and T3 exhibited a higher increase in LAI, dry matter accumulation, leaf photosynthetic rate and contents of IAA, GA1+GA4, and Z+ZR in grains of wheat, while T4 and T5 showed a low increase in the above physiological indexes, which could be an important reason for the low increase in wheat yield under T4 and T5 treatments.

Key words: wheat, weed, herbicide, wheat yield, physiological response

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