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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (35): 127-133.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0008

所属专题： 水产渔业

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国特色淡水鱼产业竞争优势研究

袁媛(), 袁永明(), 代云云, 贺艳辉, 龚赟翀   

  1. 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心/国家罗非鱼产业技术研发中心/农业农村部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,江苏无锡 214081
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-16 修回日期:2020-09-20 出版日期:2020-12-15 发布日期:2020-12-18
  • 通讯作者: 袁永明
  • 作者简介:袁媛,女,1986年出生,山东肥城人,研究实习员,硕士,研究方向：渔业经济与渔业信息技术。通信地址：214081 江苏省无锡市山水东路9号 淡水渔业研究中心科研楼320,Tel：0510-85550245,E-mail： yuany@ffrc.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“国家特色淡水鱼产业技术体系”(CARS-46)

Competitive Advantage of Characteristic Freshwater Fish Industry of China

Yuan Yuan(), Yuan Yongming(), Dai Yunyun, He Yanhui, Gong Yunchong   

  1. Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ Tilapia Industrial Research Center of China Agriculture Research System/ Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi Jiangsu 214081
  • Received:2020-04-16 Revised:2020-09-20 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2020-12-18
  • Contact: Yuan Yongming

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摘要：

为分析中国特色淡水鱼产业竞争力,以迈克尔·波特钻石模型为基础,对中国31个省份和地区的特色淡水鱼产业竞争力进行分析。通过构建特色淡水鱼产业竞争力评价指标体系,对罗非鱼、鳗鱼、鮰鱼和鲟鱼4个主要出口品种的竞争优势情况进行对比,分析中国特色淡水鱼产业的现实竞争力和国际竞争力。研究表明：（1）国内特色淡水鱼产业在生产竞争力要素方面,资源禀赋优势明显;在市场需求要素方面,特色淡水鱼消费量日益增长;在关联产业和市场结构和竞争方面,特色淡水鱼加工品的技术含量和经济附加值有待提高,特色淡水鱼专用饲料产业化应用较小,规模企业数量有待增长;在机遇和政府政策方面,逐渐建立起绿色健康生态养殖制度体系。（2）特色淡水鱼产品资源禀赋系数始终维持在1.0以上,具有明显的资源禀赋优势;中国特色淡水鱼产品整体国际市场占有率为73.22%;贸易竞争力指数接近1;罗非鱼和鳗鱼的显示性比较优势系数大于6,说明中国特色淡水鱼产品国内外市场竞争优势明显。

关键词: 特色淡水鱼, 钻石模型, 竞争优势, 罗非鱼, 鳗鱼, 鲟鱼

Abstract:

To analyze the competitive advantage of China’s characteristic freshwater fish industry, this paper carries out an analysis in 31 provinces and regions based on Michael Porter's diamond model. This paper also constructed the competitiveness evaluation index system of characteristic freshwater fish industry, mainly focused on four main export species of Oreochromis niloticus, Anguillas, Ictalurus punctatus and Acipenser sturio, so as to explore the competitive advantage and international competitiveness of the industry. The results show that: (1) China’s characteristic freshwater fish industry has obvious resource endowment advantages in production competitiveness factors, in terms of market demand factors, the consumption of characteristic freshwater fish is increasing day by day; in terms of related industries, market structure and competition, the technical content and economic added value of processed products of characteristic freshwater fish needs to be improved, the industrialized application of specialized feed for characteristic freshwater fish is not enough, and the number of large-scale enterprises needs to be increased; in terms of opportunities and government policies, a green and healthy ecological breeding system has been gradually established; (2) the resource endowment coefficient of characteristic freshwater fish is always above 1.0, which has obvious advantages of resource endowment; the international market share of China’s characteristic freshwater fish is 73.22%, the trade competitiveness index is close to 1; the revealed comparative advantage coefficients of tilapia and eel are both greater than 6, indicating that China’s characteristic freshwater fish products have obvious competitive advantages in the domestic and foreign markets.

Key words: characteristic freshwater fish, diamond model, competitive advantage, Oreochromis niloticus, Anguillas, Acipenser sturio

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