生物降解农药残留的研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0384

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (18): 117-124.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0384

所属专题：植物保护

生物降解农药残留的研究进展

王岩¹^,²(), 彭强²(), 赵小明¹(), 尹恒¹

¹中国科学院大连化学物理研究所天然产物与糖工程课题组,辽宁大连 116023
²西北农林科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2020-08-21 修回日期:2020-11-16 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-07-13
通讯作者: 彭强,赵小明
作者简介:王岩,男,1995年出生,山东烟台人,研究生,研究方向：壳寡糖降解蔬菜中农药残留。通信地址：712100 陕西省杨凌区西北农林科技大学北校区食品科学与工程学院,Tel：13573528008,E-mail： wy316691@sina.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“壳寡糖调控蔬菜体内两种农药降解代谢作用及机制研究”(31672077);国家重点研发计划“抗逆增产高效调节剂新产品研制及产业化关键技术”(2017YFD0201302);四川省科技计划项目“四川省猕猴桃提质增效绿色生产技术集成研究与示范”(2019YFSY0041)

Pesticide Residues Biodegradation: Research Progress

Wang Yan¹^,²(), Peng Qiang²(), Zhao Xiaoming¹(), Yin Heng¹

¹Natural Products and Sugar Engineering Research Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Liaoning 116023
²College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100

Received:2020-08-21 Revised:2020-11-16 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-07-13
Contact: Peng Qiang,Zhao Xiaoming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了促进农药的降解,减少农作物中的农药残留量,本研究归纳了农药降解的方法,主要包括光解、化学降解和生物降解,分析了各种农药降解方法的优点和缺点,总结了外源物质（农药安全剂、油菜素内酯、褪黑素）促进农作物体内农药降解的途径及机理。指出了寡糖降低作物中农药残留的作用以及可能的机理,提出了关于促进农作物体内农药降解研究方面存在的一些问题以及建议。期望对降低农作物中农药残留有积极作用,对农业具有指导作用。

关键词: 农药残留, 农药生物降解, 解毒代谢, 外源物质, 寡糖

Abstract:

In order to promote the degradation of pesticides and reduce pesticide residues in crops, we summarized the methods of pesticide degradation, including photolysis, chemical degradation and biodegradation, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various pesticide degradation methods, concluded the way and mechanisms of the exogenous substances (pesticide safety agent, brassinolide, melatonin) in promoting the degradation of pesticides in crops. And then we pointed out the effect of oligosaccharides on reducing pesticide residues in crops and its possible mechanism, as well as some problems and suggestions in the research of promoting the degradation of pesticides in crops. We expected this paper could play a positive role in reducing pesticide residues in crops and have a guiding role in agriculture.

Key words: pesticide residues, pesticide biodegradation, detoxification metabolism, exogenous substance, oligosaccharide

中图分类号:

S481

王岩, 彭强, 赵小明, 尹恒. 生物降解农药残留的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(18): 117-124.

Wang Yan, Peng Qiang, Zhao Xiaoming, Yin Heng. Pesticide Residues Biodegradation: Research Progress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(18): 117-124.

图/表 8

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方法	优点	缺点
光解	降解对象范围广,降解能力稳定,不会对环境造成二次污染	未能实现产品具有光谱适用性,不适用于田间
氧化降解	准确破坏相应化学键	有副产物,降解效果不好,造成二次污染
水解	酸碱条件下都可发生	只对菊酯类农药降解效果明显,受pH影响严重
微生物降解	应用前景广泛	生物处理效果不稳定,影响因素多,降解不完全
酶降解	对农药专一性要求不高,使用方便,安全无毒、无副作用、无残留和二次污染	酶的生产、储藏及应用成本太高,较难大规模应用于农业生产

方法	优点	缺点
光解	降解对象范围广,降解能力稳定,不会对环境造成二次污染	未能实现产品具有光谱适用性,不适用于田间
氧化降解	准确破坏相应化学键	有副产物,降解效果不好,造成二次污染
水解	酸碱条件下都可发生	只对菊酯类农药降解效果明显,受pH影响严重
微生物降解	应用前景广泛	生物处理效果不稳定,影响因素多,降解不完全
酶降解	对农药专一性要求不高,使用方便,安全无毒、无副作用、无残留和二次污染	酶的生产、储藏及应用成本太高,较难大规模应用于农业生产

Gene ID	Increased Ratio	best hit	Function
B006A051	2.122	AO42111	cytochrome P450
B245B011	2.064	AM20426	glycosyl transferase
B259C091	2.020	AM98207	ABC transporter family protein
B045H091	2.169	AY072466	glutathione S-transferase

Gene ID	Increased Ratio	best hit	Function
B006A051	2.122	AO42111	cytochrome P450
B245B011	2.064	AM20426	glycosyl transferase
B259C091	2.020	AM98207	ABC transporter family protein
B045H091	2.169	AY072466	glutathione S-transferase

生物降解农药残留的研究进展

Pesticide Residues Biodegradation: Research Progress

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