硫酸钾和氯化钾对马铃薯生长及产量的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0422

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探明钾肥对马铃薯的作用，本试验设置5个施肥处理，研究了硫酸钾和氯化钾对大田马铃薯品种‘克新1号’生长及产量的影响。结果表明：（1）硫酸钾施用量为353.55 kg/hm²，植株最高，茎最粗。氯化钾施用量为600.30 kg/hm²情况下，植株最高，在300.15 kg/hm²情况下，茎最粗。但都低于不施肥处理。（2）硫酸钾施入量的变化对主茎数及匍匐茎数没有显著影响；氯化钾施入量为750.45 kg/hm²，主茎数显著高于未施肥处理的主茎数，施用量为600.30、750.45 kg/hm²时更有益于匍匐茎的生长。（3）在马铃薯生长初期，钾肥会抑制叶子的生长；而在中后期，钾肥则都会促进叶子的生长，氯化钾的作用更大。（4）施用这两种钾肥会延后茎叶的最大干物质量出现时间。（5）相较于硫酸钾，氯化钾更能提高单株结薯数和单块茎重，增产效果更佳。综合来看，氯化钾对马铃薯生长和产量的影响大于硫酸钾。

关键词: 马铃薯, 硫酸钾, 氯化钾, 生长, 养分分配, 产量

Abstract:

For clarifying the effect of K₂SO₄ and KCl on the growth and yield of potato (variety ‘Kexin 1’), five fertilization treatments were conducted in this study. The results are as followings. (1) The plant height and stem thickness get their highest levels at the application rate of 353.55 kg/hm² K₂SO₄; while the highest plant and the thickest plant stem appear at 600.30 kg/hm² KCl and 300.15 kg/hm² KCl, respectively. But all potassium fertilizer treatments have lower plant height and stem thickness than no fertilizer treatment. (2) The application rate of K₂SO₄ has no significant effect on the numbers of main stems and creeping stems. The number of main stems under KCl application rate of 750.45 kg/hm² is significantly higher than that of no fertilizer treatment; KCl is more beneficial to the growth of creeping stems at the rates of 600.30 and 750.45 kg/hm². (3) Potassium fertilizer can inhibit leaf growth at the early growth stage, while promote leaf growth at the middle and late stages, and KCl has a greater effect than K₂SO₄. (4) Both the two potassium fertilizers can delay the appearance of the maximum dry matter weight of stems and leaves. (5) Compared with K₂SO₄, KCl could increase tubers per plant and tuber yield per plant, and has a better effect on tuber yield increase. Overall, KCl has greater effects on potato growth and yield than K₂SO₄.

Key words: potato, K₂SO₄, KCl, growth, nutrient distribution, yield

苏日古嘎, 邬春雨, 刘荣跃, 宋丹, 蒙美莲, 陈有君. 硫酸钾和氯化钾对马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(18): 34-42.

SU Riguga, WU Chunyu, LIU Rongyue, SONG Dan, MENG Meilian, CHEN Youjun. Potassium Sulfate and Potassium Chloride: Effects on the Growth and Yield of Potato[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(18): 34-42.

图/表 10

参考文献 28

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处理代号	Cl	S	K₂O	硫酸钾	氯化钾
CK	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
S₁	0.00	115.58	180.00	353.55	0.00
S₂	0.00	173.35	270.00	530.25	0.00
S₃	0.00	231.12	360.00	706.95	0.00
S₄	0.00	288.94	450.00	883.80	0.00
L₁	142.73	0.00	180.00	0.00	300.15
L₂	214.13	0.00	270.00	0.00	450.30
L₃	285.45	0.00	360.00	0.00	600.30
L₄	356.85	0.00	450.00	0.00	750.45

处理代号	Cl	S	K₂O	硫酸钾	氯化钾
CK	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
S₁	0.00	115.58	180.00	353.55	0.00
S₂	0.00	173.35	270.00	530.25	0.00
S₃	0.00	231.12	360.00	706.95	0.00
S₄	0.00	288.94	450.00	883.80	0.00
L₁	142.73	0.00	180.00	0.00	300.15
L₂	214.13	0.00	270.00	0.00	450.30
L₃	285.45	0.00	360.00	0.00	600.30
L₄	356.85	0.00	450.00	0.00	750.45

处理	出苗后天数					平均值
处理	15 d	30 d	45 d	60 d	75 d	平均值
CK	9.11a	40.11ab	59.18a	62.58a	62.71a	46.74a
S₁	9.11a	39.89ab	57.04ab	58.54ab	59.78ab	44.87a
S₂	8.95a	35.58ab	49.57b	51.23b	52.33bc	39.53a
S₃	8.84a	37.67ab	51.50ab	58.63ab	59.17abc	43.16a
S₄	8.85a	35.83ab	50.10ab	54.13ab	57.20abc	41.22a
L₁	8.18a	34.67b	57.39ab	58.98ab	50.78c	42.00a
L₂	8.16a	36.25ab	51.53ab	58.89ab	54.03abc	41.77a
L₃	9.02a	37.92ab	58.62ab	60.50ab	57.85abc	44.78a
L₄	8.74a	40.33a	51.76ab	60.48ab	61.87a	44.64a

处理	出苗后天数					平均值
处理	15 d	30 d	45 d	60 d	75 d	平均值
CK	9.11a	40.11ab	59.18a	62.58a	62.71a	46.74a
S₁	9.11a	39.89ab	57.04ab	58.54ab	59.78ab	44.87a
S₂	8.95a	35.58ab	49.57b	51.23b	52.33bc	39.53a
S₃	8.84a	37.67ab	51.50ab	58.63ab	59.17abc	43.16a
S₄	8.85a	35.83ab	50.10ab	54.13ab	57.20abc	41.22a
L₁	8.18a	34.67b	57.39ab	58.98ab	50.78c	42.00a
L₂	8.16a	36.25ab	51.53ab	58.89ab	54.03abc	41.77a
L₃	9.02a	37.92ab	58.62ab	60.50ab	57.85abc	44.78a
L₄	8.74a	40.33a	51.76ab	60.48ab	61.87a	44.64a

处理	出苗后天数					平均值
处理	15 d	30 d	45 d	60 d	75 d	平均值
CK	9.34a	11.13bcd	11.04b	12.75ab	12.88a	11.46a
S₁	9.79a	11.45abcd	11.73b	12.19abc	12.80ab	11.59a
S₂	9.48a	10.96cd	11.48b	11.22c	11.92abc	11.01a
S₃	9.36a	10.62d	11.14b	13.31a	11.25c	11.42a
S₄	8.93a	12.40a	11.00b	12.06abc	11.60bc	11.18a
L₁	9.09a	11.76abc	13.03a	11.30c	12.76ab	11.64a
L₂	9.62a	12.16ab	11.49b	12.43abc	11.26c	11.35a
L₃	9.94a	10.89cd	11.32b	11.63bc	11.77abc	11.16a
L₄	9.09a	11.56abcd	11.51b	12.13abc	11.83abc	11.29a