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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (30): 61-65.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0149

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

京郊低肥力粮田快速培肥和高产施肥技术及应用

赵凯丽1(), 郭宁1, 李权辉2, 李萍1, 王艳平1, 陈娟1, 颜芳1, 王维瑞1()   

  1. 1 北京市耕地建设保护中心，北京 100101
    2 北京市密云区土肥工作站，北京 101500
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-27 修回日期:2024-08-06 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-23
  • 通讯作者:
    王维瑞，男，1973年出生，天津汉沽人，正高级农艺师，本科，主要从事耕地质量提升和监测评价。通信地址：100101 北京市朝阳区慧忠寺96号 北京市耕地建设保护中心，Tel：010-82994823，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    赵凯丽，女，1989年出生，山东济南人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事粮食作物的化肥减量与土壤培肥。通信地址：100101 北京市朝阳区慧忠寺96号 北京市耕地建设保护中心，Tel：010-82078460，E-mail：。

Technology and Application of Fast Fertilizing and High Yield Fertilization in Low Fertility Grain Fields in Suburbs of Beijing

ZHAO Kaili1(), GUO Ning1, LI Quanhui2, LI Ping1, WANG Yanping1, CHEN Juan1, YAN Fang1, WANG Weirui1()   

  1. 1 Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center, Beijing 100101
    2 Miyun Soil Fertilizer Extension Service Station of Beijing, Beijing 101500
  • Received:2024-02-27 Revised:2024-08-06 Published:2024-10-25 Online:2024-10-23

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摘要：

本研究旨在探讨有机肥配施化肥的施肥管理方式在北京郊区低肥力粮田的应用效果。研究总结出了一套适用于北京郊区冬小麦—夏玉米轮作下的低肥力粮田快速培肥和高产施肥技术。通过在北京市密云区和顺义区进行的田间试验，比较了常规单施化肥、快速培肥处理和高产施肥处理3种模式下的作物产量和土壤有机碳含量变化。结果显示，与常规单施化肥处理相比，快速培肥处理增产效果不显著，增产率仅为1%~2%左右，但土壤有机碳含量增加，其中密云区增加了1.06 g/kg、顺义区增加了0.96 g/kg；高产施肥处理的增产效果显著，其中密云区增产率分别达到了9.9%（冬小麦）和11.5%（夏玉米），顺义区增产率分别达到了10.9%（冬小麦）和10.1%（夏玉米），但密云区土壤有机碳含量仅增加了0.06 g/kg，顺义区土壤有机碳含量未增加。本研究为北京郊区低肥力粮田提供了一种既能提高作物产量又能改善土壤质量的施肥策略。

关键词: 麦玉高产, 快速培肥, 有机肥, 低肥力粮田, 土壤有机碳, 化肥, 施肥管理

Abstract:

Based on the fertilization management mode of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer, this study summarized a set of technical methods for fast fertilizing and high yield fertilization in low soil fertility fields under winter wheat-summer maize rotation in Beijing. This model was applied to the experiment in Miyun and Shunyi, and three treatments were set, including single fertilizer treatment, fast fertilizing treatment and high yield fertilizing treatment. The results showed that the yield of fast fertilizing treatment only increased about 1%-2%, but the soil organic carbon content increased about 1.06 g/kg in Miyun and 0.96 g/kg in Shunyi. The yield increase rates of high yield fertilizing treatment reached 9.9% (winter wheat) and 11.5% (summer corn) in Miyun, 10.9% (winter wheat) and 10.1% (summer corn) in Shunyi, respectively, but the soil organic carbon content only increased 0.06 g/kg in Miyun, while it did not increase Shunyi. This study provides a fertilization strategy that can increase crop yield and improve soil quality for low-fertility grain fields in the suburbs of Beijing.

Key words: high yield of winter wheat and summer maize, fast fertilizing, organic fertilizer, low fertility grain field, soil organic carbon, chemical fertilizer, fertilization management