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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 63-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0518

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄腐酸钾对延安山地苹果养分吸收、产量及品质的影响

马卓1(), 周韩冰1, 赵满兴1,2(), 张霞1, 王欣1, 马丹妮1   

  1. 1 延安大学生命科学学院，陕西延安 716000
    2 陕西省黄土高原资源植物研究与利用省市共建重点实验室（延安大学），陕西延安 716000
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-14 修回日期:2025-01-22 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-14
  • 通讯作者:
    赵满兴，男，1971年出生，陕西合阳人，教授，博士，主要从事土壤与植物营养调控方面的研究。通信地址：716000 陕西省延安市宝塔区圣地路580号 延安大学杨家岭校区生命科学学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    马卓，女，1998年出生，宁夏固原人，硕士研究生，主要从事果树施肥及营养调控方面的研究。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“可溶性有机氮在陕北黄土高原植被恢复中氮素转化中的作用”(41761068); 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目“陕北黄绵土旱田改种稻田后土壤有机碳的变化特征”(2024JC-YBMS-239); 陕西省重点研发计划项目“延长县苹果园土壤肥力提升及水肥一体化施肥技术研究”(2023XCZX2-22); 延安市科技计划项目“‘双碳’背景下陕北山地苹果园土壤固碳能力现状及提升技术的研究”(2023-CYL-120)

Effects of Fulvic Acid Potassium on Nutrient Absorption, Yield and Quality of Apples in Yan’an Mountain Area

MA Zhuo1(), ZHOU Hanbing1, ZHAO Manxing1,2(), ZHANG Xia1, WANG Xin1, MA Danni1   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000
    2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Jujube, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000
  • Received:2024-08-14 Revised:2025-01-22 Published:2025-03-15 Online:2025-03-14

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摘要：

为探究黄腐酸钾在延安山地苹果的施用效果，于2023年3—11月在延长县金土地农牧业有限责任公司山地苹果基地进行试验。供试苹果为树龄12年的‘玉华早富’。膨果期追施不同用量黄腐酸钾，以果农常规施肥为对照，分析黄腐酸钾对苹果氮磷钾养分吸收、产量及品质的影响。与对照相比，幼果期黄腐酸钾增量20%（2.6 kg/株）处理下叶片N、P、K含量无显著差异，膨果期分别增加了44.61%、257.89%、44.55%，成熟期分别增加了24.85%、95.31%、29.98%。黄腐酸钾减量20%（1.4 kg/株）、黄腐酸钾常规用量（2.0 kg/株）和黄腐酸钾增量20%处理下的果实N、P、K养分吸收量较对照平均增加了13.64%、7.59%、34.38%，维生素C含量较对照分别增加了61.65%、104.56%、115.15%，可溶性糖含量分别增加了14.66%、40.69%、25.73%，可滴定酸含量分别降低了3.70%、22.22%、29.63%。黄腐酸钾处理能显著提高果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、单果重及苹果单株产量，黄腐酸钾减量20%、黄腐酸钾常规用量和黄腐酸钾增量20%处理较对照单株产量平均增加了3.86%、6.05%、10.20%。在常规施肥的基础上，黄腐酸钾膨果期追施量为2.6 kg/株可以有效提高延安山地苹果的产量和品质。

关键词: 苹果, 黄腐酸钾, 山地苹果, 减量施肥, 氮磷钾养分, 养分吸收, 品质, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the application effect of fulvic acid potassium on mountain apples in Yan’an, an experiment was carried out from March to November 2023 at the mountain apple base of Golden Land Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. in Yanchang County. The test apple was ‘Yuhua Zaofu’ with a tree age of 12 years. Different application rates of fulvic acid potassium were applied during the fruit expansion stage, with the conventional fertilization by farmers as the control, to analyze its influence on the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, as well as the yield and quality of apples. Compared with the control, there was no significant difference in the leaf N, P and K contents under the treatment of 20% increment of fulvic acid potassium (2.6 kg/plant) during the young fruit stage. However, during the fruit expansion stage, the leaf N, P and K contents increased by 44.61%, 257.89% and 44.55% respectively, and during the maturity stage, they increased by 24.85%, 95.31% and 29.98% respectively. Under the treatments of 20% decrement (1.4 kg/plant), conventional amount (2.0 kg/plant) and 20% increment of fulvic acid potassium, the fruit N, P and K nutrient uptake increased by an average of 13.64%, 7.59% and 34.38% compared to the control. The vitamin C content increased by 61.65%, 104.56% and 115.15% respectively, the soluble sugar content increased by 14.66%, 40.69% and 25.73% respectively, and the titratable acid content decreased by 3.70%, 22.22% and 29.63% respectively. The fulvic acid potassium treatments could significantly enhance the fruit firmness, soluble solids content, single fruit weight and the yield per plant. Compared with the control, the treatments of 20% decrement, conventional amount and 20% increment of fulvic acid potassium increased the yield per plant by an average of 3.86%, 6.05% and 10.20% respectively. On the basis of conventional fertilization, applying 2.6 kg/plant of fulvic acid potassium during the fruit expansion stage can effectively improve the yield and quality of Yan’an mountain apples.

Key words: apple, fulvic acid potassium, mountain apple, reduced fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, nutrient uptake, quality, yield