凡纳滨对虾常见细菌性疾病及其生物防治措施

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0673

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凡纳滨对虾是一种重要的经济虾类，在集约化养殖过程中，细菌性疾病尤其是弧菌病（包括副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、霍乱弧菌等）频繁发生，严重威胁着凡纳滨对虾养殖业的可持续发展。随着抗生素的滥用，耐药性细菌在水生环境中广泛存在并传播，给弧菌病的防治带来了新的挑战。因此，重视养殖环境维护和水质监测就显得极为重要。本文对凡纳滨对虾细菌性疾病及其生物防治措施开展了综述，包括生物絮团技术、微生态制剂、抗菌肽、群体感应抑制剂，以及蛭弧菌和噬菌体的应用。生物絮团技术与微生态制剂结合可改善水质，增强免疫，但受环境影响大，有益菌团稳定性难以控制。抗菌肽广谱抗菌安全不易耐药，但难保存且成本高。群体感应抑制剂能够精准防治，对环境的影响小，但机制研究少。蛭弧菌可以强效裂解革兰氏阴性菌，对阳性菌效果差且生长慢。噬菌体高度专一，但宿主范围窄。这些生物防治措施效果虽弱于抗生素，但对环境友好，不易耐药，能够减少对化学药的依赖，保护生态环境，提高养殖效益。未来可以创新并可持续发展生物防控技术，以应对病原菌耐药性和环保挑战。

关键词: 细菌性疾病, 弧菌, 微生态制剂, 生物防治, 凡纳滨对虾

Abstract:

As an important economic shrimp species, the Litopenaeus vannamei is frequently affected by bacterial diseases, especially Vibriosis (including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio cholerae, etc.) during intensive aquaculture. This represents a significant risk to the long-term sustainability of aquaculture. With the widespread use of antibiotics, resistance genes of pathogenic bacteria are prevalent and widespread in the aquatic environment, posing new challenges to the prevention and treatment of Vibriosis. Therefore, it is extremely important to emphasize the maintenance of aquaculture environment and water quality monitoring. This review describes a series of biological control measures, including the use of biofloc technology, probiotics, antimicrobial peptides, quorum sensing inhibitors, and the use of biological control methods such as Bdellovibrio and like organisms and bacteriophage. The combination of biofloc technology and probiotics can improve water quality and enhance immunity. However, it is greatly affected by the environment, making it difficult to control the stability of bacteria flora. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and they are safe and not easily resistant to drugs. However, they are difficult to preserve and have a high cost. Quorum-sensing inhibitors provide precise prevention and treatment with minimal environmental impact, but the mechanism research on them is limited. Bdellovibrio are effective at lysing Gram-negative bacteria but have a poor effect on Gram-positive bacteria and grow slowly. Bacteriophages are highly specific but have a narrow host range. Although these biological control measures are less effective than antibiotics, they are environmentally friendly, less prone to drug resistance, and aim to reduce chemical drug dependency, protect the ecosystem, and improve aquaculture efficiency. In the future, innovative and sustainable biological control technologies should be developed to address the challenges posed by pathogenic bacterial resistance and environmental protection.

Key words: bacterial diseases, Vibrio, probiotics, biological control, Litopenaeus vannamei

黄菊, 邓桦, 侯月娥, 巴娟, 杨鸿. 凡纳滨对虾常见细菌性疾病及其生物防治措施[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(12): 158-164.

HUANG Ju, DENG Hua, HOU Yuee, BA Juan, YANG Hong. Common Bacterial Diseases of Litopenaeus vannamei and Biological Control Measures[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(12): 158-164.

参考文献 54

[1]	张婷, 杨梦华. 副溶血弧菌的毒力基因表达调控的分子机制[J]. 微生物学报, 2020, 60(7):1345-1357.
[2]	丹贾, 史成银, 倢黄, 等. 凡纳滨对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)病原分离鉴定及其致病性分析[J]. 渔业科学进展, 2018, 39(3):9.
[3]	陈晓玲, 邱亮, 魏海英, 等. 中国明对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)和池塘水体中弧菌的检测分析[J]. 渔业研究, 2020, 42(1):22-28.
[4]	陈嘉媛. 对虾AHPND致病菌pVA1同源质粒水平转移的初步研究[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2018.
[5]	孙一享, 常洪军, 杨行鑫, 等. 水产动物副溶血弧菌病及其噬菌体防治研究进展[J]. 微生物学通报, 2023, 50(8):3620-3634.
[6]	YANG F, XU L, HUANG W, et al. Highly lethal Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains cause acute mortality in Penaeus vannamei post-larvae[J]. Aquaculture, 2022, 548:737605.
[7]	YANG F, YOU Y, LAI Q, et al. Vibrio parahaemolyticus becomes highly virulent by producing Tc toxins[J]. Aquaculture, 2023, 576:739817.
[8]	刘爽, 张庆利. 黄海所研究揭示对虾致"玻璃苗"弧菌的高致病性机制[J]. 水产科技情报, 2024, 51(1):66-67.
[9]	LIU S, WANG W, JIA T, et al. Vibrio parahaemolyticus becomes lethal to post-larvae shrimp via acquiring novel virulence factors[J]. Microbiology spectrum, 2023, 11(6):e49223.
[10]	JIA T, LIU S, YU X, et al. Prevalence investigation of translucent post-larvae disease (TPD) in China[J]. Aquaculture, 2024, 583:740583.
[11]	ZHOU J, FANG W, YANG X, et al. A nonluminescent and highly virulent Vibrio harveyi strain is associated with "bacterial white tail disease" of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp[J]. Plos one, 2012, 7(2):e29961.
[12]	李锦锦, 洪宝华, 倪思圳, 等. 凡纳滨对虾中发光坎氏弧菌的分离、鉴定及致病性[J]. 水产学报, 2021, 45(4):600-612.
[13]	许兵, 纪伟尚, 徐怀恕, 等. 中国对虾病原菌及其致病机理的研究[J]. 海洋学报(中文版), 1993(1):98-106.
[14]	付汉清. 对虾养殖源弧菌噬菌体的分离、鉴定及其全基因组学研究[D]. 厦门: 集美大学, 2018.
[15]	于鸽. 溶藻弧菌噬菌体,菌影疫苗及其对对虾免疫保护性的比较研究[D]. 湛江: 广东海洋大学, 2011.
[16]	郑宏源, 杨超, 武雅蓉, 等. 溶藻弧菌群体基因组学研究[J]. 遗传, 2021, 43(4):12.
[17]	吴友吕, 郑国兴. 中国对虾弧菌性红腿病的细胞病理研究[J]. 海洋学报, 1993, 15(2):5.
[18]	郭平, 许美美, 国际翔, 等. 中国对虾“红腿病”病原菌的分离与回接感染试验[J]. 水产科学, 1991(3):1-5.
[19]	CAO H, AN J, ZHENG W, et al. Vibrio cholerae pathogen from the freshwater-cultured whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei and control with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus[J]. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2015, 130:13-20.
[20]	HUANG X, GU Y, ZHOU H, et al. Acinetobacter venetianus, a potential pathogen of red leg disease in freshwater-cultured whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei[J]. Aquaculture reports, 2020, 18:100543.
[21]	林嘉铭, 葛辉, 林克冰, 等. 凡纳滨对虾黑鳃病病原的分离鉴定及耐药性分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(8):120-128. doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-1158
[22]	LI G, XIE G, WANG H, et al. Characterization of a novel shrimp pathogen, Vibrio brasiliensis, isolated from Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei[J]. Journal of fish diseases, 2021, 44(10):1543-1552.
[23]	WANG Z, SHI C, WANG H, et al. A novel research on isolation and characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae from Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, displaying black gill disease cultured in China[J]. Journal of fish diseases, 2020, 43(5):551-559.
[24]	WANG Y G, LEE K L, NAJIAH M, et al. A new bacterial white spot syndrome (BWSS) in cultured tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and its comparison with white spot syndrome (WSS) caused by virus[J]. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 2000, 41(1):9-18.
[25]	崔浩. 养殖凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)细菌性白斑病的发生及其病原学病理学研究[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2017.
[26]	魏文娟, 赵姝, 王元, 等. 副溶血弧菌养殖对虾分离株耐药性及耐药基因分析[J]. 南方水产科学, 2020, 16(1):8.
[27]	李雪洁, 赵鑫, 李嘉欣, 等. 光合细菌在环境领域的研究与应用进展[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2016, 41(10):4.
[28]	王青华, 孙晓晖, 唐旭, 等. 深海贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DH82的筛选、鉴定及其抗菌粗蛋白性质分析[J]. 海洋通报, 2019, 38(1):63-69.
[29]	陈亮亮, 董宏标, 李卓佳, 等. 生物絮团技术在对虾养殖中的应用及展望[J]. 海洋科学, 2014, 38(8):103-108.
[30]	GUO H, FU X, HE J, et al. Gut bacterial consortium enriched in a biofloc system protects shrimp against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection[J]. Microbiome, 2023, 11(1):230.
[31]	谭洪新, 庞云, 王潮辉, 等. 驯化硝化型生物絮体养殖南美白对虾的初步研究[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2017, 26(4):490-500.
[32]	ZHAO P, HUANG J, WANG X H, et al. The application of bioflocs technology in high-intensive, zero exchange farming systems of Marsupenaeus japonicus[J]. Aquaculture, 2012, 354-355:97-106.
[33]	王丽娜, 吴联熙. 蛭弧菌用作水质污染指示菌的可能性调查[J]. 中国公共卫生, 1993(3):106-107.
[34]	郑美林, 李璟, 周雪, 等. 噬菌蛭弧菌的裂解机制及其在水体监控上的应用[J]. 四川畜牧兽医, 2018, 45(8):24-26.
[35]	KONGRUENG J, MITRAPARP-ARTHORN P, BANGPANWI MON K, et al. Isolation of Bdellovibrio and like organisms and potential to reduce acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus[J]. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 2017, 124(3):223.
[36]	赵海永. 水产用蛭弧菌11问[J]. 当代水产, 2020, 45(7):88-91.
[37]	HANSOL I, DWIDAR M, MITCHELL R J. BdelloVibrio bacteriovorus HD100, a predator of Gram-negative bacteria, benefits energetically from Staphylococcus aureus biofilms without predation[J]. The ISME journal, 2018, 12:2090-2095.
[38]	邓益琴. 水产动物弧菌病及其生物防治研究进展[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2023, 38(4):553-563.
[39]	刘力萍, 王宏华, 王峰, 等. 副溶血弧菌CHY5-M1M噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析[J]. 生物技术进展, 2022, 12(6):900-905. doi: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2022.0069
[40]	JUN J W, HAN J E, GIRI S S, et al. Phage application for the protection from acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Penaeus vannamei[J]. Indian journal of microbiology, 2018, 58(1):114-117.
[41]	袁高亮. 克氏原螯虾混合感染病原诊断及Rab7免疫学功能研究[D]. 新乡: 河南师范大学, 2021.
[42]	DESTOUMIEUX D, MUNOZ M, BULET P, et al. Penaeidins, a family of antimicrobial peptides from penaeid shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda)[J]. Cellular and molecular life sciences, 2000, 57(8-9):1260-1271. doi: 10.1007/pl00000764 pmid: 11028917
[43]	ROLLAND J L, ABDELOUAHAB M, DUPONT J, et al. Stylicins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from the Pacific blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris)[J]. Molecular immunology, 2010, 47(6):1269-1277.
[44]	TASSANAKAJON A, AMPARYUP P, SOMBOONWIWAT K, et al. Cationic antimicrobial peptides in penaeid shrimp[J]. Marine biotechnology, 2011, 13(4):639-657. doi: 10.1007/s10126-011-9381-8 pmid: 21533916
[45]	杨辉. 对虾抗脂多糖因子ALF的功能分析和开发利用[D]. 青岛: 中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所), 2016.
[46]	齐志涛, 徐杨, 邹钧, 等. 水产动物抗菌肽研究进展[J]. 水产学报, 2020, 44(9):1572-1583.
[47]	SUN M, LI S, LV X, et al. A Lymphoid organ specific anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from Litopenaeus vannamei exhibits strong antimicrobial activities[J]. Marine drugs, 2021, 19(5):250.
[48]	王铭遥, 郑明静, 任中阳, 等. 凡纳滨对虾抗菌肽的筛选及与DNA的结合机制[J]. 中国食品学报, 2023, 23(7):140-151.
[49]	SOUKARIEH F, WILLIAMS P, STOCKS M J, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing systems as drug discovery targets: current position and future perspectives[J]. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2018, 61(23):10385-10402.
[50]	刘雪晴, 吕欣然, 白凤翎, 等. 基于群体感应的弧菌生物膜形成,耐药性及其控制研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2023, 44(2):8.
[51]	SMITH J, JONES L. Inhibition of quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Vibrio harveyi by 4-fluoro-DPD; a novel potent inhibitor of signalling[J]. Chemical communications, 2017, 53:115-117.
[52]	BRACKMAN G, DEFOIRDT T, MIYAMOTO C, et al. Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde derivatives reduce virulence in Vibrio spp. by decreasing the DNA-binding activity of the quorum sensing response regulator LuxR[J]. BMC microbiology, 2008, 8:149.
[53]	DOCKING J, DYNAMICS M. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, computational screening to design quorum sensing inhibitors targeting LuxP of Vibrio harveyi and its biological evaluation[J]. Journal of molecular biology, 2016, 420:40-50.
[54]	孙梦桐. 对哈维氏弧菌群体感应具有抑制活性乳酸菌的筛选及作用机制研究[D]. 锦州: 渤海大学, 2019.